Fluke, liver, Fasciola hepatica

Liver fluke infection Fasciola hepatica, F. gi-gantica, Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis felineus, Dicrocoelium dendriticum Emetine, dehydroemetine, bithionol, praziquantel, hexachlorophene, dithiazanine iodide... 

Mansour, T. E., Sutherland, E. W., Rail, T. W., and Bueding, E. (1960) The effect of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) on the formation of adenosine 3, 5 -phosphate by tissue particles from the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica. J. Biol. Chem., 235 466-470. 

The molluscicidal activity of imidazo[2,l-/][l,3,4]thiadiazoles and imidazo[2,l-/][l,3,4]oxadiazoles, such as compounds 112 and 109 (Figure 25), have been evaluated against the snail Lymnaea acumiata, which is a vector of the giant liver flukes, Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica <2004IJC(B)901>. 

Fascioliasis (Sheep liver fluke) Fasciola hepatica Praziquantel or Bithionol-... 

Liver fluke. Fasciola hepatica Egg through miracidium... 

Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke) Bithionol or triclabendazole ... 

Early studies revealed that the 3, 5 -cyclic phosphate diesterase is present in all mammalian tissues (38, 33, 36), being most active in cerebral cortex (36, 37). It has also been identified in extracts of liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica), the common earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris), and fly larvae (36) and it has been studied in marine organisms (38), the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discovdeum (39, AO), and in E. coli (Al). The enzyme has been partially purified from beef heart (30), dog heart, (A8) and bovine brain (37, A3). No highly purified preparations have yet been obtained and most studies have been performed with relatively crude preparations. 

Le, T.H., Blair, D. and McManus, D.P. (2001a) Complete DNA sequence and gene organization of the mitochondrial genome of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica (Platyhelminthes Trematoda). Parasitology 123, 609-621. 

Zurita, M., Bieber, D., Ringold, C. and Mansour, T.E. (1 988) cDNA cloning and gene characterization of the mitochondrial large subunit (LSU) rRNA from the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica. Evidence of heterogeneity in the fluke mitochondrial genome. Nucleic Acids Research 16, 7001-7012. 

Robinson, M.W., Hoey, E.M., Fairweather, I., Dalton, J.P., McConigle, S. and Trudgett, A. (2001) Characterisation of a P-tubulin gene from the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica. International Journal for Parasitology 31,1 264-1 268. 

Hurtrez-Bousses, S., Meunier, C., Durand, P. and Renaud, F. (2001) Dynamics of host-parasite interactions the example of population biology of the liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica). Microbes and Infection 3, 841-849. 

Collins, P.R., Stack, C.M., O Neill, S.M., Doyle, S., Ryan, T., Brennan, G.P., Mousley, A., Stewart, M., Maule, A.G., Dalton, J.P. and Donnelly, S. (2004) Cathepsin L1, the major protease involved in liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) virulence propeptide cleavage sites and autoactivation of the zymogen secreted from gastrodermal cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 279, 1 7038-1 7046. 

Law, R.H., Smooker, P.M., Irving, J.A., Piedrafita, D., Ponting, R., Kennedy, N.J., Whisstock, J.C., Pike, R.N. and Spithill, T.W. (2003) Cloning and expression of the major secreted cathepsin B-like protein from juvenile Fasciola hepatica and analysis of immunogenicity following liver fluke infection. Infection and Immunity 71, 6921-6932. 

Graham, M.K., Fairweather, I. and McGeown, J.G. (1997) The effects of FaRPs on the motility of isolated muscle strips from the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica. Parasitology 1 14, 455-465. 

Mansour, T.E. (1957) The effect of lysergic acid diethylamide, 5-hydroxytryptamine and related compounds on the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica. British journal of Pharmacology 12, 406-409. 

Lloyd, G.M. (1986) Energy metabolism and its regulation in the adult liver fluke Fasciola hepatica. Parasitology 93, 21 7-248. 

Mansour, T.E., Morris, P.G., Feeney, J. and Roberts, G.C. (1982) A 31P-NMR study of the intact liver fluke Fasciola hepatica. Biochimica Biophysica Acta 721, 336-340. 

Oldenborg, V., Van Vugt, F. and Van Golde, L.M.G. (1 975) Composition and metabolism of phospholipids of Fasciola hepatica, the common liver fluke. Biochimica Biophysica Acta 398, 101-110. 

Van Vugt, F., van derMeer, P. and van den Bergh, S.G. (1979) The formation of propionate and acetate as terminal processes in the energy metabolism of the adult liver fluke Fasciola hepatica. International Journal of Biochemistry 10, 11-18. 

Wuhrer, M., Berkefeld, C., Dennis, R.D., Idris, M.A. and Geyer, R. (2001) The liver flukes Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica express the leucocyte cluster of differentiation marker CD77 (globotriaosylce-ramide) in their tegument. Biological Chemistry 382, 1 95-207. 

Fig. 25.11 Fasciola hepatica (large liver fluke), 2.9 X 1.1 cm (X 3). Ovum of Fasciola hepatica, approx. 0.13 X 0.07 mm, in bile fluid (obtained by means of a nasogastroduodenal probe) (X 400)...

These are particularly common in cattle sheep and goats producing significant economic losses. The major liver flukes which infect ruminants are Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Fascioloides tmgna, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Clonorchis sinensis and Opis-thorchis spp. These parasites usually cause hepatic problems in the animals. 

Some organophosphates have also been found effective against various tapeworms and flukes in animals chlorpyrifos (25) was used to eliminate Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia hydatigena from dogs, while cyclophosphamide (26) and a few other organophosphorus compounds (27-29a,b) exhibit marked activity against different tapeworms in experimental animals [22]. Bromphenphos (30) kills the liver flukes. Fasciola hepatica in sheep and cattle at a dose of 12-16 mg/kg [23]. 

Nitroscanate (32b) inhibits ATP synthesis in the liver flukes. Fasciola hepatica... 

Bithionol (Fig. 7-10) is useful for the treatment of Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke) and Paragonimus westermanii, the lung fluke. It is highly effective. The drug impairs egg formation, uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, and chelates iron, possibly from crucial enzymes. None of these facts has been related to a molecular mechanism, which remains obscure. In any case, it would appear that PQ will likely replace this ftw-dichlorophenol as the drug of choice for these two fluke infections. 

Barrett, J. (1980) Peroxide metabolism in the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica. J. Parasitol. 66 697. 

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