Lung flukes

Lunar caustic Lundin process Lung cancer Lung edema Lung flukes Lungworms a-Lupilic acid b-Lupilic acid Lupin... 

Paragonimiasis (Lung fluke) Paragonimus westermani Praziquantel or Bithionol- (alternate)... 

Paragonimus westermani (lung fluke) Praziquantel Bithionol... 

Hirai, H., Sakaguchi, Y., Habe, S. and Imai, H.T. (1985) C-banding analysis of six species of lung flukes, Paragonimus spp. (Trematoda Platyhelminthes), from Japan and Korea. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde... 

Terasaki, K., Habe, S., Ho, L., Jian, H., Agatsuma, T., Shibahara, T., Sugiyama, H. and Kawashima, K. (1995) Tetraploids of the lung fluke Paragonimus westermani found in China. Parasitology Research 81, 627-630. 

Orido, Y. (1990) Development of the excretory bladder of the lung fluke Paragonimus ohirai (Trematoda Troglotrematidae). journal of Parasitology 76, 205-211. 

Liver flukes, intestinal flukes Praziquantel 75 mg/kg/day p.o. in 3 doses x 1 day Lung fluke Praziquantel 75 mg/kg/day p.o. in 3 doses X 2 days Sheep liver fluke Triclabendazole 10 mg/kg p.o. once... 

Lung fluke infection Paragonimus wester-mani Bithionol, hetol, praziquantel... 

Bithionol has also been successfully used to cure Uver fluke and lung fluke infections in humans [96]. A dose of 30-50 mg/kg given orally on alternate days for 2-3 weeks has been found to eliminate Fasciola spp. and P. westermani from humans [3,41]. 

Paragonimum species Schistosoma haematobium lung flukes ... 

Bithionol (Fig. 7-10) is useful for the treatment of Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke) and Paragonimus westermanii, the lung fluke. It is highly effective. The drug impairs egg formation, uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, and chelates iron, possibly from crucial enzymes. None of these facts has been related to a molecular mechanism, which remains obscure. In any case, it would appear that PQ will likely replace this ftw-dichlorophenol as the drug of choice for these two fluke infections. 

The medically important trematodes include schistosoma species (blood flukes, estimated to affect over 150 milhon persons, worldwide), Clonorchis sinensis (liver fluke, endemic in Southeast Asia), tind Paragonimus westennani (lung fluke, endemic to both Asia and the Indian subcontinent). With few exceptions, fluke infections respond well to praziquantel. 

Lung flukes Paragonimus spp.), common in the Far East and Latin America, yield to oral treatment with bithionol 6.32) which is 2,2 -thiobis(4,6-dichloro-phenol). Infestation with Chlonorchis sinensis, the Chinese liver fluke, usually treated with chloroquine 10.31), is still in search of the ideal remedy. The liver fluke Fasciola hepatica, common in herbivores throughout the World, occasionally infects Man and quickly yields to bithionol. Fasciolopsis buski, the giant intestinal fluke of Southeast Asia, can be eliminated with tetrachlorethylene. 

Gas chromatography techniques have been used for the quantitative analysis of sugars in invertebrates. Thus, Ueda and Sawada (1968) showed that the parasitic flatworm Paragonimus (lung fluke of man) contains about 70% glucose, 10% galactose, 8% mannose, and 6% ribose. 

---