Fluid milk production processing plants

Dogan, B., Boor, K.J. 2003. Genetic diversity and spoilage potentials among Pseudomonas spp. isolated from fluid milk products and dairy processing plants. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69, 130-138. 

U.S. Production of Milk Dairy Producers Milking and Handling Milk Hauling Milk Processing Milk Dairy Processing Plants Kinds and Uses of Milk and Milk Products Fluid Milk Special Milks... 

Milk has been a source for food for humans since the beginning of recorded history. Although the use of fresh milk has increased with economic development, the majority of consumption occurs after milk has been heated, processed, or made into butter. The milk industry became a commercial enterprise when methods for preservation of fluid milk were introduced. The successful evolution of the dairy industry from small to large units of production, ie, the farm to the dairy plant, depended on sanitation of animals, products, and equipment cooling faciUties health standards for animals and workers transportation systems constmction materials for process machinery and product containers pasteurization and sterilization methods containers for distribution and refrigeration for products in stores and homes. 

In the United States, there is a federal standard for fluid dairy production that is known as the Interstate Milk Standard. This is a standard that is supported by the Federal Department of Agriculture (FDA) and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), both of which carry out various parts of the inspection process. The standard requires that dairy facilities can audit the milk from the farm through the plant and as finished product. Because this infrastructure already exists, the auditing of organic dairy production is quite simple. 

Type D Extraction is from material which is sufficiently fluid to be pumped and the product is also a fluid. In this case extraction takes place in a high pressure column in which the material to be extracted flows counter-current to the solvent stream. Depending on the product, the separation takes place by release of pressure or by adsorption in standard pressure vessels or by absorption in a high pressure vessel operated as a column (Table 8.1 D). Examples of type D processes include the refining and fractionation of seed oils and the fractionation of milk fat at pilot plant scale. 

Milk Supply. In 1990, a total of 148 billion pounds (67 billion kilograms) of milk were marketed by U.S. dairy farmers for 20 billion delivered to plants. Of this amount, 37.3% was consumed in fluid form and 62.7%was processed into manufactured dairy products. 

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