Flow injection systems capillary

L. Arce, A. Rios and M. Valcarcel, Determination of anti-carcinogenic polyphenols present in green tea using capillary electrophoresis coupled to a flow injection system. J. Chromatogr.A 823 (1998) 113-120. 

In more complex flow-injection systems the organophosphorus samples are injected without previous mineralization, and all decomposition reactions are carried out in the instrument itself oxidation of organic compounds by digestion with, for instance, per-oxodisulphate in a heated capillary tube18,19 or hydrolysis of di- and tri-phosphates with... 

In flow injection analysis [32] with electrochemical detection a sample is injected into an electrolyte carrier stream dispersion of the sample plug into the carrier stream occurs so that electrolyte is effectively added to the sample—with consequent sample dilution—before reaching the electrode. Even so, by using a capillary flow injection system nanolitre sample volumes can be investigated [33]. In continuous flow systems, electrolyte often has to be added to the sample beforehand, also leading to sample dilution. 

C. Thommen, A. Fromageat, P. Obergfell, H.M. Widmer, Application of a capillary flow cell to sophisticated flow-injection systems, Anal. Chim. Acta 234 (1990) 141. 

A.C. Pappas, C.D. Stalikas, Y.C. Fiamegos, M.I. Karayannis, Determination of hydrogen peroxide by using a flow injection system with immobilized peroxidase and long pathlength capillary spectrophotometry, Anal. Chim. Acta 455 (2002) 305. 

Chen, H.-W., Fang, Z.-L., Combination of flow injection with capillary electrophoresis. Part 3. Online sorption column preconcentration capillary electrophoresis system. Anal. Chim. Acta 1997, 355(2-3), 135-143. 

P Kuban, M. Berg, C. Garcia and B. Karlberg, On-hne flow sample stacking in a flow injection analysis-capillary electrophoresis system 2000-fold enhancement of detection sensitivity for priority phenol pollutants, J. Chromatogr. A, 912, 163-170, 2001. 

The use of branched uptake capillaries, coimected to the nebulizer using a T-piece, may be advantageous when a buffer or ionization suppressor is required. In addition to avoiding time-consuming solution preparation, it is also possible to calibrate organic extracts using aqueous standards in this way. The approach may also be extended to couple more complex flow injection systems employing novel chemistries in the same way. 

Huang XJ, Wang SL, Fang ZL (2002) Combination of flow injection with capillary electrophoresis 8, Miniaturized capillary electrophoresis system with flow injection sample... 

Kuban P. and Karlberg B., On-line monitoring of kraft pulping liquors with a valveless flow injection-capillary electrophoresis system, Anal. Chim. Acta, 404, 19, 2000. 

In reduced-flow LC-MS systems, the solvent flow into the spectrometer is reduced to a level where the pumping system can cope. Essentially, three such systems have been developed direct-liquid-introduction (DLI), flowing FAB [531] and electrospray [532]. An alternative approach to belt transport interfacing is to deliver the column eluate directly into the MS source and use Cl techniques. Methods based on this principle are called direct-liquid-injection systems, which are comprised of capillary flow restrictors, diaphragms,... 

Some coupled systems allow measurement of the main N and P forms (nitrate, ammonia and orthophosphates) [22,27,29], among which is a system based on membrane technology in combination with semi-micro continuous-flow analysis (pCFA) with classical colorimetry. With the same principle (classical colorimetry), another system [30] proposes the measurement of phosphate, iron and sulphate by flow-injection analysis (FIA). These systems are derived from laboratory procedures, as in a recent work [31] where capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used for the separation of inorganic and organic ions from waters in a pulp and paper process. Chloride, thiosulphate, sulphate, oxalate,... 

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