Flow injection analysis screen-printed electrodes

MWNTs favored the detection of insecticide from 1.5 to 80 nM with a detection limit of InM at an inhibition of 10% (Fig. 2.7). Bucur et al. [58] employed two kinds of AChE, wild type Drosophila melanogaster and a mutant E69W, for the pesticide detection using flow injection analysis. Mutant AChE showed lower detection limit (1 X 10-7 M) than the wild type (1 X 10 6 M) for omethoate. An amperometric FIA biosensor was reported by immobilizing OPH on aminopropyl control pore glass beads [27], The amperometric response of the biosensor was linear up to 120 and 140 pM for paraoxon and methyl-parathion, respectively, with a detection limit of 20 nM (for both the pesticides). Neufeld et al. [59] reported a sensitive, rapid, small, and inexpensive amperometric microflow injection electrochemical biosensor for the identification and quantification of dimethyl 2,2 -dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP) on the spot. The electrochemical cell was made up of a screen-printed electrode covered with an enzymatic membrane and combined with a flow cell and computer-controlled potentiostat. Potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) was used as mediator to generate very sharp, rapid, and reproducible electric signals. Other reports on pesticide biosensors could be found in review [17],... 

J.M. Zen, P.Y. Chen, and A.S. Kumar, Flow injection analysis of an ultratrace amount of arsenite using a Prussian blue-modified screen-printed electrode. Anal. Chem. 75, 6017-6022 (2003). 

F. Ghamouss, S. Ledru, N. Ruille, F. Lantier, and M. Boujtita, Bulk-modified modified screen-printing carbon electrodes with both lactate oxidase (LOD) and horseradish peroxide (HRP) for the determination of 1-lactate in flow injection analysis mode. Anal. Chim. Acta 570, 158-164 (2006). 

All potentials vs. screen-printed Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference, except values marked with asterisk ( ), which are vs. Ag/3M AgCl double-junction reference electrode, and values marked with dagger CfO, which are vs. saturated calomel. Abbreviations CoPC cobalt phthalocyanine, SPCE screen-printed carbon electrode, GOD glucose oxidase, MWCNT multi-walled carbon nanotubes, NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, PQQ pyrroloquinoline quinone, FIA flow injection analysis. 

Note HRP Horseradish peroxidase TMB Tetramethylbenzidine ACV Alternating-current voltammetry amole le-18 moles DPV DifTerential pulse voltammetry E Detection limit for unconjugated enzyme E Detection limit for conjugated (Ab/Ag) enzyme FIA-EC Flow-injection analysis with electrochemical detection CC Classy carbon LC-EC Liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection P Detection limit for final enzymatic product P Detection limit for standards of P RDE Rotating disk electrode SPE Screen-printed electrode SQV Square-wave voltammetry zmole le-21 moles. 

Chiu, M.-H., Yang, H.-H., Liu, C.-H. and Zen, J.-M. (2009) Determination of lin-comycin in urine and some foodstuffs by flow injection analysis coupled with liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection with a preanodized screen-printed carbon electrode. J. Chromatogr. B, 877, 991-994. 

Piano, M., S. Serban, R. Pittson, G. A. Drago, and J. P. Flart. 2010. Amperometric lactate biosensor for flow injection analysis based on a screen-printed carbon electrode containing Meldola s Blue-Reinecke salt, coated with lactate dehydrogenase and NAD. Talanta 82 34-37. 

Sha YF, Gao Q, Qi B, Yang XR. Electropolymerization of azure B on a screen-printed carbon electrode and its application to the determination of NADH in a flow injection analysis system. Microchim Acta 2004 148 335 341. 

Zen, J.M., Chung, H.H. and Senthil Kumar, A. (2000) Flow injection analysis of hydrogen peroxide on copper-plated screen-printed carbon electrodes. Analyst, 125(9), 1633-7. 

The development and application of an electrochemical cell exclusively designed for disposable screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) suitable for simultaneous ECL and amperometric detection in sequential injection analysis (SIA) was described by Zen s group. The present flow system is user-friendly, requires less volume, and is easily operatable, since it has facility for PMT via a fiber optic facing the SPCE [89]. 

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