Flow determination

Flow is the number of gallons per minute that the pump will discharge. 

It is not practical to declare the flow without the accompanying head requirements. For this reason, when someone asks for the pump specifications, they need to know the flow in gallons per minute and the head in feet. 

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With flow in curved passages or with swirling flow, determination of a true average static pressure is, in general, impractical. In metering, straightening vanes are often placed upstream of the pressure tap to eliminate swirl. Fig. 10-2 shows various flow equalizers and straight-eners. 

In practical product design, a full LCA is seldom performed. The unit operations represent whole systems, which are used as building blocks. Typical examples include elementary flows determined for the manufacture of 1 m-1-mm sheet metal of galvanized steel, incineration of 1 kg of polyethylene, or production and distribution of 1 MJ electricity. ... 

The current-carrying capacity of the wire is not directly related to the dielectric. This is determined by the conductor resistance and the heating effect that it produces in the wire. The required current-carrying capacity determines the size of the wire and thus the size of the insulator. The temperature rise caused by the current flow determines the type of insulation to be used. If the wire is limited to 140°F (60°C) service, the insulation can be one of those discussed above. If the wire is to operate at 300°F (150° C), another specification for plastic wire with better heat resistance such as TP polyester or PTFE is used. 

Cyanide in Waters etc. (by Reflux Distillation followed by either Potentiometry using a Cyanide Selective Electrode or Colorimetry, or Continuous Flow Determination of Cyanide or Determination by Microdiffusion), 1988... 

The exponent turned out to be x 1. This finding demonstrates that coherent flow determines transport in the mechanical dispersion regime and that diffusion is negligible under such conditions. For a discussion also see Ref. [43]. 

Fig. 3.3.7 Time dependence of the axial dispersion coefficients D for water flow determined by NMR horizontal lines indicate the asymptotic values obtained from classical tracer measurements. (a) Water flow in packings of 2 mm glass beads at different flow rates and (b) water flow in catalyst.

Gautier S.M., Blum L.J., Coulet P.R., Multifunction fiber-optic sensor for the bioluminescent flow determination of ATP or NADH, Anal. Chim. Acta 1990 235 243. 

Stoll et al. [142] have described a rapid continuous-flow determination of total inorganic carbon in seawater samples. The method runs on an autoanalyser Traacs 800 spectrophotometric system and is calibrated versus certified reference materials readily available. A typical analysis speed of 45 samples per hour can be reached with an accuracy of 2-3 xM and a precision of 2.5 xM. 

Olansky, A.S., and Deming, S.N. (1978), Automated Development of a Kinetic Method for the Continuous-Flow Determination of Creatinine, Clin. Chem., 24, 2115-2124. 

A vertically oriented sand filter has multiple reactions occurring in the media, which cannot be modeled analytically. The flow in the filter is close to a plug flow. Determine... 

When a culture medium flows in a circular tube as a laminar flow, determine the fraction of the medium that passes through the tube with a higher velocity than the averaged linear velocity. 

Note Such a culture apparatus is widely used in the laboratory for the study of microorganism-substrate interactions and is referred to as a chemostat. The key idea is that at steady-state, the physical properties (volume and flow) determine the biological property (growth) ... 

In an ideal stagnation flow, a certain amount of the flow that enters through the inlet manifold can leave without entering the thermal or mass-transfer boundary layers above the surface. For an axisymmetric, finite-gap, flow, determine how the bypass fraction depends on the separation distance and the inlet velocity. 

Gas flow through the sampling orifice is of interest since its volume rate of flow determines the size of vacuum pumps necessary for the mass spectrometer. In addition, orifice flow behaves as a first-order removal process that can lead to erroneous kinetics if it is too large. The perturbation of flow in the reactor has been discussed in Section IV.B. 

The composition of volatiles released from a food is different when it is sniffed (via orthonasal route) and when it is eaten (via retronasal route). This is partially due to conditions in the mouth that selectively affect volatility, thus altering the ratio of compounds that volatilize from a food system. Mouth temperature, salivation, mastication, and breath flow have all been shown to affect volatilization (de Roos and Wolswinkel, 1994 Roberts et al., 1994 Roberts and Acree, 1995 van Ruth et al., 1995c). The ideal gas law describes the effects of temperature. Saliva dilutes the sample, affects the pH, and may cause compositional changes through the action of the enzymes present (Burdach and Doty, 1987 Overbosch et al., 1991 Harrison, 1998). Mastication of solid foods affects volatility primarily by accelerating mass transfer out of the solid matrix. The gas flow sweeps over the food, creating a dynamic system. The rate of the gas flow determines the ratio of volatiles primarily based on individual volatilization rates and mass transfer. 

The large effective heat capacity of the liquid-solid slurry absorbent enables relatively small slurry flows to absorb the carbon dioxide heat of condensation with only modest absorber temperature rise. This contrasts with other acid gas removal processes in which solvent flows to the carbon dioxide absorber are considerably larger than flows determined by vapor-liquid equilibrium constraints. Large flows are required to provide sensible heat capacity for the large absorber heat effects. Small slurry absorbent flows permit smaller tower diameters because allowable vapor velocities generally increase with reduced liquid loading (8). 

Hypofunction of prefrontal cortex as shown by positron emission tomography imaging or cerebral blood flow determinations. Hypofrontality occurs in both medicated and unmedicated schizophrenics. The pituitary gland. Hypophysectomy is removal of the pituitary gland. 

For a fixed spherical particle in a fully developed laminar pipe flow, determine the Saffinan force on the particle at various radial positions. Identify the location of the maximum Saffman force. Discuss the case if the flow is turbulent (using the 1/7 power law for the velocity profile). 

Step 15. Steps 15 through 20 are dedicated fully to the fan criteria and the required air mass flow determined in the previous steps. How many fans should serve each bundle The minimum fan area per bundle is an industry standard number of 0.40 ft2 minimum of fan area per square foot face area FA. Thus ... 

Dimensional Changes in Planar and Biaxial Extensional Flows Determine the rate of dimensional changes that have to be applied on a flat film in order to generate (a) planar extension, and (b) biaxial extension flows. 

One of the earliest methods of mass flow determination was to install two separate sensors one to measure the volumetric flow, and the other to detect the density of the flowing stream. On the basis of these two inputs, a microprocessor-based transmitter can measure mass flow. A further improvement occurred when the density and volumetric flow sensors were combined in a single package (Figure 3.75). These units are composed of either a Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter or a magnetic flowmeter and a gamma radiation-... 

Morawetz RB, DeGirolami U, Ojemann RG, Marcoux FW, Crowell RM (1978) Cerebral blood flow determined by hydrogen clearance during middle cerebral artery occlusion in unanesthetized monkeys. Stroke 9 143-149 Moseley ME, Cohen Y, Mintorovitch J, Chileuitt L, Shimizu H, Kucharczyk JF, Wendland ME, Weinstein PR (1990) Early detection of regional cerebral ischemia in cats comparison of diffusion- and T2-weighted MRI and spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 14 330-346... 

Axel L (1980) Cerebral blood flow determination by rapid-sequence computed tomography. Radiology 137 679-686... 

Breakfast cereal is being dried in a fluidized bed dryer in which the cereal moves roughly countercurrent to the air flow. The figure below shows the process with the data placed on the respective stream flows. Determine the required inlet moist air flowrate in m3/hr if the cereal must have a water content of no more than 14.0 percent. (DC = dry cereal). 

The analyser part forms the containment system of the p-apparatus. Its properties (infallible or not, leakage flow) determine dilution requirements (see Chapter 7)... 

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