Flexicoke

Flexible PVC Flexible wear lenses Flexicoker Flexicoking... 

The heavy vacuum bottoms stream is fed to a Flexicoking unit. This is a commercial (125,126) petroleum process that employs circulating fluidized beds at low (0.3 MPa (50 psi)) pressures and intermediate temperatures, ie, 480—650°C in the coker and 815—980°C in the gasifier, to produce high yields of hquids or gases from organic material present in the feed. Residual carbon is rejected with the ash from the gasifier fluidized bed. The total Hquid product is a blend of streams from Hquefaction and the Flexicoker. 

Properties. Pilot-unit data indicate the EDS process may accommodate a wide variety of coal types. Overall process yields from bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals, which include Hquids from both Hquefaction and Flexicoking, are shown in Figure 14. The Hquids produced have higher nitrogen contents than are found in similar petroleum fractions. Sulfur contents reflect the sulfur levels of the starting coals ca 4.0 wt % sulfur in the dry bituminous coal 0.5 wt % in the subbituminous and 1.2 wt % sulfur in the dry lignite. 

Fig. 14. Preferred Hquefaction-coking Hquid yields in the EDS process for various coals where Hrepresents Flexicoking Hquids and , Hquefaction Hquids (124). A, Ireland (West Virginia) B, Monterey (Illinois) C, Burning Star (Illinois) D, Wyodak (Wyoming) and E, Big Brown (Texas).

Fig. 27. A Flexicoking unit combining fluid coking and gasification using three-bed fluidized beds.

Thermal Cracking. Heavy petroleum fractions such as resid are thermally cracked in delayed cokers or flexicokers (44,56,57). The main products from the process are petroleum coke and off-gas which contain light olefins and butylenes. This stream also contains a considerable amount of butane. Process conditions for the flexicoker are more severe than for the delayed coker, about 550°C versus 450°C. Both are operated at low pressures, around 300—600 kPa (43—87 psi). Flexicokers produce much more linear butenes, particularly 2-butene, than delayed cokers and about half the amount of isobutylene (Table 7). This is attributed to high severity of operation for the flexicoker (43). 

There are two major commercial thermal cracking processes, delayed coking and fluid coking. Flexicoking is a fluid coking process in which the coke is gasified with air and steam. The resulting gas mixture partially provides process heat. 

Figure 3-4. Flow diagram of an Exxon flexicoking unit (1) reactor, (2) scrubber, (3) heater, (4) gasifier, (5) coke fines removal, (6) HgS removal.

FIGURE 6.9 Flexicoking is a commercial process for refining petroleum that has been applied to heavy oil and tar sand fractions. The process employs circulating fluidized beds and operates at moderate temperatures and pressures. The reactor produces liquid fuels and excess coke. The latter is allowed to react with a gas-air mixture in the gasifier fluidized bed to provide a low-value heating gas that can be desulfurized and used as a plant fuel. Courtesy, Exxon Research and Engineering Company. 

FLUID COKING A noncatalytic, thermal process for converting bitumen and coal liquids to lighter hydrocarbon fluids and gases. Developed by the Exxon Research Engineering Company and used commercially since 1954. See also FLEXICOKING. 

Flexible polyurethane foam, 19 559 Flexible printed circuits, 10 456 Flexible searches, 6 10-11 Flexible tube pumps, 21 74 Flexicoking (fluid coking), 18 651, 652 ... 

Entrainment Flux for Flexicoke Particles in a 0.15 m Diameter Fluidized Bed for Two Different Particle Size Distributions at Two Different Superficial Gas Velocities... 

Increased recovery of sulphur from processing of bitumen is possible with new technology such as Flexicoking or Hydrocracking. 

Flexicoking integrates coke gasification with fluid coking. Product coke is converted to low heat content fuel gas reducing net coke production. Sulphur dioxide emissions are comparatively low. 

Butylene yield Gas oil Residue Delayed coking Flexicoking Steam cracking of naphtha... 

D. E. Blaser and A. M. Edelman, "Flexicoking for Improved Utilization of Hydrocarbon Resources," paper presented at API 43rdMid-Year Meeting Toronto, Canada, May 8,1978. 

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