Flavoring agents, esters

Robusta coffee has undesirable flavor agents that can be masked by the addition of L-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninemethyl ester.218 The methylxanthine stimulant properties of coffee can be antagonized by spraying freshly roasted coffee beans with nicotinamide and nicotinic acid,219 quinolinic acid, or trigonelline.220... 

Uses Manufacture of flotation agents, esters (perfumes and flavors), dyestuffs, wetting agents ingredient in industrial cleaners and paint removers preparation of methyl ethyl ketone solvent in lacquers in hydraulic brake fluids organic synthesis. 

Many of the fragrances and tastes from plants are due to esters. The smells we perceive are generally due to a combination of esters, but often one ester fragrance will dominant. By mimicking these natural esters, the food industry has synthesized hundreds of different flavoring agents. Three of these are shown in Figure 15.14. Many pheromones are esters. Pheromones are chemical compounds used by animals for communication. Many medications are also esters. Aspirin is an ester of salicylic acid (see Chapter 13). 

Esters are used as flavoring agents. Notice the similarity in the structure of the three flavors. 

Furoic acid (furan-2-carboxylic acid, or pyromucic acid) is used as a bactericide, and the furoate esters are used as flavoring agents, as antibiotic and corticosteroid intermediates. It is obtained by the enzymatic or chemical/catalytic aerobial oxidation of furfural (2-furalaldehyde) the latter is the only unsaturated large-volume organic chemical prepared from carbohydrates today. D-Xylose and L-ara-binose, the pentoses contained in the xylan-rich portion of hemicelluloses from agricultural and forestry wastes, under the conditions used for hydrolysis undergo dehydration to furfural. 

Starch complexes with aromas and flavoring agents are usually synthetic in origin. In nature, starch sometimes includes some aroma- and flavor-genic components that generate flavor and aroma on processing (see, for instance, ref. 678). Such agents include mainly aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic esters however, hydrocarbons, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and haloalkanes have also been used. 

This ester-type anesthetic also contains benzocaine and is prepared in a polyethylene glycol base with flavoring agents added. It is available as a liquid, gel, or spray. The propellant for the spray is A 70. 

Use Solvent for cellulose ethers and esters, various natural and synthetic resins flavoring agent fruit syrups cutting agent for pyroxylin. 

Use Perfumery, cosmetics, organic synthesis, solvent manufacture of high-boiling esters, antifoaming agent, flavoring agent. 

Use Organic synthesis, lacquers, plastics, production of hydrotropic salts, pharmaceuticals, synthetic flavors and odors, flotation agent, esters for turbojet lubricants, vinyl plasticizer, gasoline additive. 

Use Solvent for hydrocarbon materials, mutual solvent for resins and cellulose esters and ethers, perfumes, soaps, disinfectant, antioxidant, flavoring agent. 

Esters have the general formula R COOR, where R can be H or a hydrocarbon group and R is a hydrocarbon group. Esters are used in the manufacture of perfumes and as flavoring agents in the confectionery and soft-drink industries. Many fruits owe their characteristic smell and flavor to the presence of small quantities of esters. For exam-... 

The structure of salicylic acid is shown. If this acid reacts with methanol, the product is an ester, methyl salicylate. Methyl salicylate is known as oil of wintergreen and is often used as a flavoring agent. Draw the structure of the product of this reaction. 

USE The esters in perfumes and flavoring agents. The free acid as a breaker of emulsions. 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) Acetate d isobutyle Acetic xid, 2-methylpropyl ester Acetic acid, isobutyl ester AI3-15305 BRN 1741909 EINECS 203-745-1 FEMA Number 2175 HSDB 609 Isobutyl acetate Isobutyl ethanoate Isobutylester kyseliny octave 2-Methyl-1-propyl acetate 2-Methylpropyl acetate 2-Methylpropyl ethanoate P-Methylpropyl ethanoate NSC 8035 UN1213. Solvent for nitrocellulose in thinners, sealants, topcoat lacquers perfumery flavoring agent. Liquid mp = -98.8° bp = 116.5° = 0.8712 4m b 208 nm (e =... 

Amyl acetate is used as a flavoring agent in the United States and several other countries. It is often blended with other esters to produce flavors that are more fruity and rounded. The compound is also used to flavor products such as chewing gum. 

The ester functional group is a key structural feature in fats, oils, and other lipids (Chapter 8). Also widely found in fruits and flowers, many esters are very fragrant and represent some of nature s most pleasant odors (see b Figure 5.7). Because of this characteristic, esters are commonly used as flavoring agents in foods and as scents in personal products. 

NFPA Health 1, Flammability 2, Reactivity 0 Uses Fragrance in cosmetics, perfumes, detergents, tech, prods. solvent for cellulose ethers and esters intennediatefor pharmaceuticals, resins, paints, etc. synthetic flavoring agent in foods and pharmaceuticals polymerization catalyst organic synthesis drug (to induce sleep) Features Sweet flavor... 

NFPA Health 1, Flammability 3, Reactivity 0 Storage Store in tightly closed containers in cool, well-ventilated area separate from work place limit quantities in use Uses Solvent for natural and syn. resins, cellulose esters and ethers, paints, printing inks, waxes, veg. oils, pharmaceuticals organic synthesis chemical intermediate in polishes brake fluids degreasing solvent antiseptic antifoam, solvent in cosmetics synthetic flavoring agent in foods and pharmaceuticals in food-pkg. adhesives in cellophane for food pkg. 

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