Flavobacterium sp., strain

Topp E, L Xun, CS Orser (1992) Biodegradation of the herbicide bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzo-nitrile) by purified pentachlorophenol hydroxylase and whole cells of Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC 39723 is accompanied by cyanogenesis. Appl Environ Microbiol 58 502-506. 

Lee J-Y, L Xun (1997) Purification and characterization of 2,6-dichloro-p-hydroquinone chlorohydrolase from Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC 39723. J Bacterial 179 1521-1524. 

Lange, C. (1994). Molecular analysis of pentachlorophenol degradation by Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC 39723. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Idaho. 

It has been reported that a microbial isolate, Flavobacterium sp. strain DS5, produced 10-ketostearic acid (10-KSA) from oleic acid in 85% yield (Hou, 1994a). The purified product was white, plate-like crystals melting at 79.2°C. A small amount of 10-hydroxystearic acid (10-HSA) was also produced during the bioconversion, suggesting that oleic acid is converted to 10-KSA via 10-HSA, and the enzyme catalyzing the hydration is C-10 positional specific (Hou, 1994b, 1995). The DS5 bioconversion products from oleic, linoleic, a-linolenic, and y-linolenic acid are all 10-hydroxy fatty acids. The optimum time, pH, and temperature for the production of 10-KSA have been reported in flask... 

Hou, C. T. 1994a. Production of 10-ketostearic acid from oleic acid by Flavobacterium sp. Strain DS5 (NRRL B-14859). Appl. Env. Microbiol., 60,3760-3763. 

Dichlorohydroquinone is formed by Sphingomonas (Flavobacterium) chlorophenolica by reductive dechlorination of tetrachlorohy-droquinone (Xun et al. 1992c Chanama and Crawford 1997), and the chlorohydrolase from Flavobacterium sp. strain 39723 that converts this to 2-chloro-6-hydroxyhydroquinone has been purified and characterized (Lee and Xun 1997). 

Misawa N, Satomi Y, Kondo K, Yokoyama A, Kajiwara S, Saito T, Ohtani T, Miki W (1995) Structure and functional analysis of a marine bacterial carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster and astaxanthin biosynthetic pathway proposed at the gene level. J Bacteriol 177 6575-6584 Pasamontes L, Hug D, Tessier M, Hohmann HP, Schierle J, van Loon APGM (1997) Isolation and characterization of the carotenoid bios5Tithesis genes of Flavobacterium sp. strain R1534. Gene 185 35 1... 

Although the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction, in most cases, reduces the toxicity of OPs by converting them into less toxic metabolites, these metabolites also present a potential source of contamination to the environment. A very interesting mechanism of complete pesticide degradation was proposed by Mattozzi et al. describing the metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas putida strain to hydrolyze paraoxon and mineralize the hydrolysis products into sources of carbon and phosphorus. Previous studies reported that the hydrolysis of paraoxon to p-nitrophenol (PNP) and diethyl phosphate (DEP), by an OPH from Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC 27551, rednces the toxicity of the pesticide 100-fold (Mattozzi et al. 2006). 

Plant oils or their derived fatty acids are inexpensive renewable carbon sources. In addition, the theoretical yield coefficient of bioproducts (PHA) from plant oil and fatty acid is considerably higher than that from sugars. High cell density fed-batch cultures produced value-added products from soybean oil or oleic acid as the carbon source. PHAs with high yield were produced by fed-batch culture of R. eutropha or its recombinant strain from soybean oil. High cell concentrations obtained by fed-batch cultures from oleic acid improved lipase activity by C. cylindracea and 10-KSA by Flavobacterium, sp. DS5, compared with those of flask cultures. There are still many industrially important value-added products that can be produced from inexpensive substrates such as soybean oil. 

Hou, C.T. 1995. Is strain DS5 hydratase a C-10 positional specific enzyme Identification of bioconversion products from a- and y-linolenic acids by Flavobacterium sp. DS5, /. Ind. Microbio., 14, 31-34. 

The initial step in the degradation of pentachlorophenol by strain ATCC 39723 which involves the introduction of oxygen is carried out by an 02 requiring monooxygenase in both Flavobacterium sp. 

Hou reported (23) that Flavobacterium sp. DS5 converted oleic acid to 10-KSA in 85% yield. Optimum time, pH, and temperature for the production of 10-KSA are as follows 36 h, 7.5, and 30°C. Asmall amount of 10-HSA( 10% ofthe main product 10-KSA) is also produced during the bioconversion. 10-KSA is not further metabolized by strain DS5 and accumulates in the medium. In contrast to growing cells, a resting cell suspension of strain DS5 produces 10-HSA and 10-KSA in a ratio of 1 3. The cell-free crude extract obtained from ultrasonic disruption of the cells converts oleic acid mainly to 10-HSA (10-HSA 10-KSA = 97 3). This result strongly suggested that oleic acid is converted to 10-KSA via 10-HSA. Stereochemistry of 10-HSA from strain DS5, determined by H NMR ofthe mandelate esters, showed 66% enantiomeric excess in 10(7 ) form. 

Hou, C.T., Is Strain DS5 Hydratase a C-10 Positional Specific Enz5raie Identification of Bioconversion Products firom a- and y-Linolenic Acids by Flavobacterium sp. DS5, J. Ind. Microbiol 14 31-34 (1995). 

Biological. Sethimathan and Yoshida (1973a) isolated a Flavobacterium sp. (ATCC 27551) from rice paddy water that metabolized diazinon as the sole caibon source. Diazinonwas readily hydrolyzed to 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-ltydroxypyrimidine under aerobic conditions but less rapidly under anaerobic conditions. This bacterium as well as enrichment cultures isolated from a diazinon-treated rice field mineralized the hydrolysis product to carbon dioxide (Sethunathan and Pathak, 1971 Sethunathan and Yoshida, 1973). Rosenberg and Alexander (1979) demonstrated that two strains of Pseudomonas grew on diazinon and produced diethyl phosphorothioate as the major end product. The rate of microbial degradation increased in the presence of an enzyme (parathion hydrolase), produced by a mixed culture of Pseudomonas sp. (Honeycutt et al., 1984). 

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