Flashpoints

Fundamentals of Fire Phenomena James G. Quintiere 2006 John Wiley Sons, Ltd ISBN 0-470 09113 4 [Pg.135]

Flash point is the minimum temperature at which the vapor above a liquid fuel will first support a combustion transient or flash. Flash point is measured by a [Pg.397]

Standardized test using a small quantity of liquid that is slowly heated until a flash is observed when an open flame is dipped down into a covered vapor space. Flash point temperatures are normally given as open cup or closed cup, based on the type of apparatus used to measure the flash point. The open cup flash point is normally a few degrees above the closed cup flash point. [Pg.398]

As the temperature of a liquid increases, the partial pressure of the vapor above the liquid increases hence, the percentage vapor composition above the pool increases. Liquid boils when its partial vapor pressure reaches the external pressure and the percentage of vapor reaches 100%. Flash point is when the vapor pressure of a substance is such that the concentration of vapor in air above the substance corresponds to the lower flammable limit. For flammable liquids, the term flammable is typically used for liquids with a flash point below 100°F (37.8°C), and the term combustible is used for liquids with a flash point above 100°F (37.8°C) (NFPA, 1997), but this in no way reflects the intensity of an ensuing fire. [Pg.398]

Table 5. Flashpoints of Ethylene Oxide/Water Solutions ...

Pure component physical properties (indicate whether liquid or solid flashpoint LEE and, for powders Kst/MIE/MIT)... [Pg.17]

Cover the storage, handling and use of highly flammable liquids, viz. liquids with a flashpoint <32°C and which support combustion when tested m the prescribed ways. Also cover the manner of storage and the marking of storage accommodation for LPG, viz. commercial propane, commercial butane and any mixture of the two. [Pg.595]

Flashpoint — the lowest temperature of a liquid at whieh it gives off enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surfaee of the liquid within the vessel used. Two tests are used—Open Cup and Closed Cup. Generally, the Open Cup method results in flashpoints 5° to 10° higher than the Closed Cup method. Flashpoint < 140°F (Closed Cup) is the eriterion used by EPA to deeide whether a ehemieal is hazardous by ignitability. DOT defines materials with flashpoints of < 100°F as flammable materials, and between 100° and 200°F as eombustible. [Pg.161]

Ethers — (R-O-R) are low on the scale of chemical reactivity. Aliphatic ethers are generally volatile, flammable liquids with low boiling points and low flashpoints. Well known hazardous ethers include diethyl ether, dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran. Beyond their flammability, ethers present an additional hazard they react with atmospheric oxygen in the presence of light to form organic peroxides. [Pg.170]

Flammability, the tendency of a material to bum, can only be subjectively defined. Many materials that we normally do not consider flammable will bum, given high enough temperatures. Neither can flammability be gauged by the heat content of materials. Fuel oil has a higher heat content than many materials considered more flammable because of their lower flashpoint. In fact, flashpoint has become the... [Pg.170]

Standard for gauging flammability. The most common systems for designating flammability are the Department of Transportation (DOT) definitions, the National Fire Protection Association s (NFPA) system, and the Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act s (RCRA) definition of ignitable wastes, all of which use flashpoint in their schemes. The NFPA diamond, which comprises the backbone of the NFPA Hazard Signal System, uses a four-quadrant diamond to display the... [Pg.171]

Class lA liquids with flashpoints below 73°F and boiling points below 100°F. An example of a Class lA flammable liquid is n-pentane (NFPA Diamond 4). [Pg.171]

Class IB liquids with flashpoints below 73°F and boiling points at or above 100°F. Examples of Class IB flammable liquids are benzene, gasoline, and acetone (NFPA Diamond 3). [Pg.171]

Class IC liquids with flashpoints at or above 73°F and below 100°F. Examples of Class IC flammable liquids are turpentine and n-butyl acetate (NFPA Diamond 3). [Pg.171]

Class II liquids with flashpoints at or above 100°F but below 140°F. Examples of Class II flammable liquids are kerosene and camphor oil (NFPA Diamond 2). [Pg.171]

Obtain all available information about the material. If it is a surplus or off-specification product, obtain an analysis or a Material Safety Data Sheet. If it is a waste, check for previous analyses, and if none exists, obtain one. (Even if a previous analysis exists, consider running a few screening-type field analyses for confirmation of important properties such as pH, redox potential, or other oxidizer test such as cyanide, sulfide, and flashpoint.)... [Pg.179]

Name Flashpoint °F Explosive Limits in air % by Volume Density... [Pg.269]

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