Flash point solvent

A low-flash-point solvent containing pigment was pumped through a bag filter into an open drum. The pigment drum was grounded by means of a grounding rod. Although the operation ran successfully for some time, one day there was a fire. 

The apparent safety advantage of a high flash point solvent which polymers can offer has motivated much study of liquid electrolyte systems which are di-... 

Solvent based scour. High flash point solvent. Nonionic... 

Heavy vapours can spread for long distances in ditches, pipe tracks and drainage pipes and can accumulate in bunded areas, particularly if the bund walls are high. The manual clearing of sludges and deposits in the bottoms of storage tanks which have contained low-flash point solvents is particularly hazardous if low-level ventilation is not provided. 

The scientific misunderstanding was implemented in equipment capable of handling low-flash point solvents adopted chiefly in the miaoelectronics (solder residues on printed wire boards (PWBs)), aerospace (beryllium subassemblies in inertial guidance instruments), and optic (wax coatings on laser components) products and reported in non-peer reviewed scientific publications. As an example of the latter, consider the following ... 

Company Name Resist Designation Type B Intended for exposure by g h i DUV EB XRAY Resolution Limit (pm) Solids Conteni (Weight %) Flash Point Solvent Type (C.C. °C) ... 

VM P A naphtha of high flash point solvent employed in the manufacture of some inks. The initials by which it is called are for Varnish Maker s and Painter s naphtha. 

Petroleum solvents are very flammable and can cause an explosion in the presence of air. For this reason, their flash points, directiy related to volatility, are always specified. 

Carbon disulphide should never be used if any alternative solvent is available, as it has a dangerously low flash-point, and its vapours form exceedingly explosive mixtures with air. Ether as a solvent for recrystallisation is much safer than carbon disulphide, but again should be avoided whenever possible, partly on account of the danger of fires, and partly because the filtered solution tends to creep up the walls of the containing vessel and there deposit solid matter by complete evaporation instead of preferential crystallisation. 

The most dangerous solvent in the laboratory is carbon disulphide, the flash-point of which is so low that its vapour is ignited, e.g., by a gas-ring 3 4 minutes after the gas has been turned out. CarlK>n disulphide should therefore never be used in the laboratory unless an adequate substitute as a solvent cannot be found. Probably the next most dangerous liquid for general manipulation is ether, which, however, has frequently to be employed. If the precautions described on pp. 79, 163, are always followed, the manipulation of ether should however quite safe. 

Solvent Comparative drying Boiling range. Flash point. Density at 20°C,... 

Higher dimeric ketenes are flammable but have higher flash points and are less reactive than diketene. Almost no data are available. Diketene can be disposed of by incineration, preferably after dilution with an inert solvent such as toluene. Higher ketene dimers can also be incinerated. 

Tetrahydronaphthalene [119-64-2] (Tetralin) is a water-white Hquid that is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in methyl alcohol, and completely soluble in other monohydric alcohols, ethyl ether, and most other organic solvents. It is a powerhil solvent for oils, resins, waxes, mbber, asphalt, and aromatic hydrocarbons, eg, naphthalene and anthracene. Its high flash point and low vapor pressure make it usehil in the manufacture of paints, lacquers, and varnishes for cleaning printing ink from rollers and type in the manufacture of shoe creams and floor waxes as a solvent in the textile industry and for the removal of naphthalene deposits in gas-distribution systems (25). The commercial product typically has a tetrahydronaphthalene content of >97 wt%, with some decahydronaphthalene and naphthalene as the principal impurities. 

Solvent name PEL, ppm Flash point, °C LEL, vol % UEL, vol % Evaporation b rate Autogenous ignition temperature, °C Vapor density... 

Chlorobenzenes are generally considered nonflammable materials with the exception of monochlorobenzene, which has a flash point of 34.5°C and is a flammable solvent based on DOT standards. 

Benzyl chloride [(chloromethyl)henzene, a-chlorotoluene], CgH CH2Cl, is a colorless Hquid with a very pungent odor. Its vapors are irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes, and it is classified as a powerfljl lacrimator. The physical properties of pure benzyl chloride are given in Table 2 (2—7). Benzyl chloride is insoluble in cold water, but decomposes slowly in hot water to benzyl alcohol. It is miscible in all proportions at room temperature with most organic solvents. The flash point of benzyl chloride is 67°C (closed cup) 74°C (open cup) autoignition temperature is 585°C lower flammability limit 1.1% by volume in air. Its volume coefficient of expansion is 9.72 x. ... 

Benzotricbloride [(tricblorometbyl)benzene, a,a,a-trichlorotoluene, phenylchloroform], C H CCl, is a colorless, oily Hquid with a pungent odor. It is soluble in most organic solvents, but it reacts with water and alcohol. For ben zotricbl oride the flash point is 127°C (Cleveland open cup) and the autoignition temperature is 211°C (8). 

Special additives are often included in a carrier formulation to provide specific properties such as foam control, stabiUty, and fiber lubrication during dyeing. Most important are the solvents used to solubilize the soHd carrier-active chemicals. These often contribute to the general carrier activity of the finished product. For example, chlorinated benzenes and aromatic esters are good solvents for biphenyls and phenylphenols. Flammable compounds (flash point below 60°C) should be avoided. 

For open filters, or when opening closed filters, solvent is flammable and may be above flash point with air present. For open filters, vent system failure may increase solvent vapor concentration, resulting in a fire or explosion. 

Ignition of flammable atmosphere for open filters or solvent may be above flash point with air present when cleaning or unplugging closed filters. This may necessitate tight control of ignition sources to prevent a fire/explosion. 

Small concentrations of volatile components in a liquid mixture may accumulate in the vapor space of a container over time and appreciably reduce the flash point relative to the reported closed-cup value. This may be the result of degassing, chemical reaction or other mechanism. An example is bitumen [162]. Similarly, if a tank truck is not cleaned between deliveries of gasoline and a high flash point liquid such as kerosene or diesel oil, the mixture might generate a flammable atmosphere both in the tmck tank and the receiving tank. Contamination at the thousand ppm level may create hazards (5-1.4.3 and 5-2.5.4). Solids containing upward of about 0.2 wt% flammable solvent need to be evaluated for flammable vapor formation in containers (6-1.3.2). 

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