Flame spectrophotometry

Other uses of oxyacetylene flames in mill operations are in building up or hardfacing metal, lancing (piercing a hole in a metal mass), and a variety of metal cleaning procedures. A minor but interesting fuel use of acetylene is in flame spectrophotometry where oxygen and nitrous oxide are used as oxidants in procedures for a wide variety of the elements. 

Further techniques which may be applied directly to the solvent extract are flame spectrophotometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS).13 The direct use of the solvent extract in AAS may be advantageous since the presence of the organic solvent generally enhances the sensitivity of the method. However, the two main reasons for including a chemical separation in the preparation of a sample for AAS are ... 

Flame spectrophotometry uses a monochromator to resolve the light. Flame "spec-trography is emission spectrography using flame excitation and photographic recording Refs 1) F. Burriel-Marti 8c J. Ramirez-Munoz, "Flame Photometry , Elsevier, NY (1957) 2) R. Herrmann 8c C.T.J. Alkemade,... 

Wenner, V. R. 1958. Rapid determination of milk salts and ions. I. Determination of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium by flame spectrophotometry. J. Dairy Sci. 41, 761-768. 

Al. Alcock, N., MacIntyre, I., and Radde, I., The determination of magnesium in biological fluids and tissues by flame spectrophotometry. J. Clin. Pathol. 13, 506-510 (1960). 

D12. Dean, J. A., and Lady, J. H., Application of organic solvent extraction to flame spectrophotometry. Determination of iron in nonferrous alloys. Anal. Chem. 27, 1533-1536 (1955). 

Covello, M., Ciampa, G. Quantitative analysis of lithium, potassium and caesium chloride by paper-chromatography and flame spectrophotometry. J. Chromatogr. 20, 201 (1965)... 

The methods officially used in the wine trade transactions are summarized in Table 8.1. Generally, the OIV methods are officially adopted in the European Union without significant technical changes. The methods reported are mainly colorimetric, titrimetric, or use Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (AES, e.g. Flame Spectrophotometry), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Hydride Generation-AAS (HG-AAS), Electrothermal-AAS (ET-AAS) and Vapour Atomic Flourescence Spectrophotometry (VAF). 

Another form of emission spectrometry is flame spectrophotometry. Newman and Ryan (N5) have adapted the method for the determination of copper in urine and serum. This method is less sensitive and requires wet ashing as well as the extraction of copper as a dithizone complex into carbon tetrachloride followed by oxidation of dithizone and re-extraction of the copper into water. 

J. Fernandez-Sempere, R. Font-Montesinos, and O. Espejo-Alcaraz [Chem. Eng. ScL, 50, 223-230 (1995)] studied the residence times of possible polluting agents discarded into a municipal sewage system. A single pulse of concentrated NaCl solution (1.162 kg of Na ions) was injected and the effluent from the sewage system was analyzed by flame spectrophotometry for Na ions. In the table that follows, corrections have been made for any Na ions present in the effluent before the injection. The mass flow rate may be assumed to be constant. 

Some plant science researchers have found it useful to compare activation analysis methodology with other analytical methods for example, Van Puymbroeck et al. (959) compared the determination of trace Sr in biological materials (plants and soils) by atomic absorption, dame spectrophotometry and activation analysis, and concluded that, although atomic absorption could be more economical, activation analysis was more sensitive. Barbe (52) also used a comparison of flame spectrophotometry and activation analysis in his determinations of Sr in vegetables and his conclusions were similar to those of Van Puymbroeck. Beyer-mann (63) showed that activation analysis was more sensitive than X-ray fluorescence analysis for the determination of nanogram amounts of Br in biological materials. 

Acid digestion or extraction, atomic absorption spectrometry (flame, cold vapor, hydride generation, and electrothermal), emission spectroscopy (plasma and flame), spectrophotometry, anodic stripping voltametry... 

AP20AP4C Flame spectrophotometry Relded by French military proengin... 

Table 8.10 Fuels, gases and temperatures used in flame spectrophotometry...

A list of wavelengths used and detection limits for various elements in emission and absorption flame spectrophotometry is given in Table 8.11. 

Table 8.11 Measurement various elements by emission and absorption flame spectrophotometry Detection limits and wavelengths used...

See also atomic absorption for an account of atomic absorption flame spectrophotometry. 

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