Flame ignition

Withdrawn) 1993 Methods of testing plastics. Method 140B Determination of the burning behaviour of flexible vertical specimens m contact with a small-flame ignition source. Withdrawn, superseded by BS EN ISO 9773 1999... 

Fire Hazards - Flash Point Not pertinent Flammable Limits in Air (%) 4.0 - 75.0 Fire Extinguishing Agents Let fire burn shut off gas supply Fire Extinguishing Agents Not To Be Used Carbon dioxide Special Hazards of Combustion Products Not pertinent Behavior in Fire Bums with an almost invisible flame Ignition Temperature (deg. F) 1,065 Electrical Hazard Class I, Group B Burning Rate 9.9 mm/min. 

I are decompd by the elec spark and produce ignitable gases, the gas ignites, and then the gas flame ignites the solid propint. Consequently, crit time and spark are required for I to produce inflammable gas which follows burning of the propint... 

Boudier, R, S. Henriot, T. Roinsot, T. Baritaud, A model for turbulent flame ignition and propagation in spark ignition engines. Proc. Combust. Inst., 1992. 24 503-510. 

Fuel LHV HHV (MJ/kg) (MJ/kg) Stoichiometric Air/Fuel Ratio (kg) Combustible Range(%) Min. Flame Ignition Autoignition Temperature (°C) Energy (MJ) Temperature (°C) ... 

In 1988, the UK introduced Safety Regulations which ultimately will require that domestic upholstered furniture and mattresses will meet and resist a cigarette test and that fabrics and fillings will resist specified flaming ignition sources. 

This principle is adhered to for flame ignition tests for the public area which still requires that the tests are carried out on the upholstery composite although some specifiers are now requiring that all PU foam shall additionally comply with the 1988 Consumer Safety Regulations. 

FLAME IGNITION TEST FOR PILLOWS AND CUSHIONS WITH SOLID FILLINGS. This is carried out using ignition to BS 5852 Part 2, Source 2. Cushions are additionally covered with the specified FR polyester fabric (Table VII). 

BS 7175 Methods of Test for the Ignitability of Bed Covers and Pillows by Smouldering and Flaming Ignition Sources. BSI, London. 

The processes described by Equation (7.3) are complex and require an elaborate analysis to make precise determinations of flg. By making appropriate estimates of each of the time components, we can considerably simplify practical ignition analyses for most typical fire applications. Again, we are just considering piloted-flaming ignition but autoignition can be similarly described. 

Hot Flame Ignition - A rapid self-sustaining, sometimes audible gas phase reaction of the sample or its decomposition products with an oxidant. A readily visible yellow or blue flame usually accompanies the reaction. 

NFPA now normally refers to autoignition as the Hot Flame Ignition Temperature, as a more precise definition. Subsequently the following two additional terms are being adopted by NFPA to further refine the ignition properties of materials. The lowest temperatures at which cool flame ignitions are observed are named the Cool Flame Reaction Threshold (CFT). The lowest flame temperatures at which an exothermic gas phase reaction is noticed are named the Preflame Reaction Threshold (RTT). 

Metal thiocyanates are oxidised explosively by chlorates or nitrates when fused, or if intimately mixed, at 400°C or on spark or flame ignition [1], Nitric acid violently oxidised an aqueous thiocyanate solution [2],... 

Various kinds of information can be expected from the high pressure combustion and flame experiments Reaction kinetics data for conditions of very high collision rates. Results about combustion products obtained at high density and with the quenching action of supercritical water, without or with flame formation. Flame ignition temperatures in the high pressure aqueous phases and the ranges of stability can be determined as well as flame size, shape and perhaps temperature. Stationary diffusion flames at elevated pressures to 10 bar and to 40 bar are described in the literature [12 — 14]. 

At temperatures below 400 C no flames were observed. At higher temperatures stationary flames were formed at the tip of the oxygen nozzle, depending on the pressure of the reaction cell. No electric spark or other means were necessary. The flame ignition started spontaneously. The flame and the combustion space can be illuminated from behind with a simple lamp giving diffuse light. 

A number of analytic determinations of reaction products by taking samples as described above have been made. The results show, that the oxygen consumption in the flame is nearly complete, with CO2 and CO as major products. At temperatures below flame ignition, cold combustion was also detected with a similar range of products. 

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