Fizzy

You can observe heterogeneous nucleation easily in carbonated drinks like "fizzy" lemonade. These contain carbon dioxide which is dissolved in the drink under pressure. When a new bottle is opened the pressure on the liquid immediately drops to that of the atmosphere. The liquid becomes supersaturated with gas, and a driving force exists for the gas to come out of solution in the form of bubbles. The materials used for lemonade bottles - glass or plastic - are poor catalysts for the heterogeneous nucleation of gas bubbles and are usually very clean, so you can swallow the drink before it loses its "fizz". But ordinary blackboard chalk (for example), is an excellent former of bubbles. If you drop such a nucleant into a newly opened bottle of carbonated beverage, spectacular heterogeneous nucleation ensues. Perhaps it is better put another way. Chalk makes lemonade fizz up. 

Nothing is quite what it seems in this fizzy, heady brew. Alchemy, tarot cards and cabbalistic theology mix with coincidence and quantum physics to create a world of virtual reality. .. the writing is often sharply, blackly funny"... 

Sigrist S, Jacobs H, Stratmann R, Lehner CF 1995 Exit from mitosis is regulated by Drosophila fizzy and the sequential destruction of cyclins A, B and B3. EMBO J 14 4827-4838 Skibbens RV, Corson LB, Koshland D, Hieter P 1999 Ctf7p is essential for sister chromatid cohesion and links mitotic chromosome structure to the DNA replication machinery. Genes... 

A mammalian homolog of CDC20/Fizzy/slpl. J Biol Chem 272 28501-28511 Wilmut I, Schnieke AE, Me Whir J, Kind AJ, Campbell KH 1997 Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. Nature 385 810-813 (erratum 1997 Nature 386 200)... 

Why does a fizzy drink lose its fizz and go fiat ... 

Drinks such as lemonade, orangeade or coke contain dissolved C02 gas. As soon as the drink enters the warm interior of the mouth, C02 comes out of solution, imparting a sensation we say is fizzy . 

Figure 5.14 In a bottle of fizzy drink, carbon dioxide is partitioned between the gas and the solution phases...

Although the value of K(partition) does not alter, the amount of CO2 in each of the phases has decreased because some of the CO2 was lost on opening the bottle. The liquid, therefore, contains less CO2 than before, which is why it is perceived to be less fizzy. And after opening the bottle several times, and losing gaseous CO2 each time, the overall amount of C02 in the liquid is so depleted that the drink no longer sparkles, which is when we say it has gone flat . 

Worked Example 5.4 A bottle of fizzy pop contains CO2. What are the relative amounts... 

A bottle of fizzy drink going flat is a fairly trivial example of partition, but the principle is vital to processes such as reactions in two-phase media or the operation of a high-performance liquid chromatography column. 

A fizzy drink goes flat after opening it several times because the water is depleted of C02. 

Gaseous oxygen readily partitions with oxygen dissolved in solution, in much the same way as the partitioning of CO2 in the fizzy-drink example above. The exact amount of oxygen in solution depends on the value of K(partition) > which itself depends on the temperature. 

Sherbet and sweets yielding a fizzy sensation in the mouth generally contain two components, an acid and a simple carbonate or bicarbonate. A typical reaction of an acid with a carbonate is effervescence the generation of gaseous carbon dioxide. In a well-known brand of British fizzy lolly , the base is sodium bicarbonate and the acid is malic acid (IV). Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is another common acid included within sherbet. 

The acid and the bicarbonate dissolve in saliva as soon as the fizzy lolly is placed in the mouth. If we abbreviate the malic acid to HM (M being the maliate anion), the fizzing reaction in the mouth is described by... 

Shteinberg, M., Protopopov, Y., Listovsky, T., Brandeis, M. and Hershko, A. (1999). Phosphorylation of the cyclosome is required for its stimulation by Fizzy/Cdc20. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 260, 193-198. 

Nothing dramatically fizzy happened when Reefus opened the first soda because that soda was still cold from the refrigerator. As the game progressed, however, the remaining sodas warmed to room temperature as they sat beside Reefus s beanbag chair. Gases (like carbon dioxide) are less soluble in warmer liquids. So when Reefus opened the warm, fourth-quarter soda, a reservoir of undissolved gas burst forth from the can. 

Two plastic bottles of fresh seltzer water are opened. Three-fourths of the first bottle are poured out for drinking and only one-fourth of the second bottle is poured. Both bottles are then tightly resealed. The next day they are both reopened but one is less fizzy. Which one Why ... 

Methadone Street Names Amidone, chocolate chip cookies (methadone or heroin combined w/ MDMA), fizzies. street methadone, wafer (brand Dolophine,... 

By adjustment of the injection time and duration, PET bottles too can be pressurised in this way when they are used for non-carbonated products. The advantage of nitrogen is that the gas does not go into solution with the product to change a still product into a fizzy drink. 

When you pour out a glass of fizzy drink, the frothy part at the top of the drink is a gas/liquid mixture called a foam. The gas, carbon dioxide, has formed tiny bubbles in the liquid but has not dissolved in it. If left to stand, foams like this one collapse as the tiny bubbles join together to form bigger bubbles which then escape. It is possible to form solid foams where the gases are trapped in a solid structure. This happens in foam rubber and bread (Figure 2.38). 

OFFICIAL NAMES Methadone, Dolophine STREET NAMES Fizzies, dollies, dolls DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS Schedule II, opioid narcotic analgesic... 

Bayer first sold aspirin powder to the public in 1899, and introduced a water-soluble tablet in 1900. The company estimates that 50 billion tablets are now consumed yearly on a worldwide basis. In addition to tablets, the French prefer their aspirin in suppository form, while the Italians prefer it fizzy. Aspirin is no longer just taken for headaches and aches and pains. According to Bayer market research, palliation of heart disease is now the number one use of aspirin. 

Phosphoric acid, used in fizzy drinks, is produced in its food quality only by a small number of firms such as FMC and Stauffer, an activity taken over by Rhone-Poulenc in the United States, and by Prayon in Belgium. 

A healthy 17-year-old boy, who complained of dental sensitivity that occurred only when he consumed fizzy drinks, presented with marked tooth wear. All the teeth were involved, especially the premolars and permanent molars. He ate a poorly balanced diet, with 500 ml carbonated drinks twice daily. He subsequently admitted to frequent MDMA abuse. 

S. ]. Sigrist and C. F. Lehner. Drosophila fizzy-related down-regulates mitotic cyclins and is requited for cell proliferation arrest and entry into endocycles. CeB, 90 (4), 671-681, 1997. 

Explain the reasons why the labels Drink cool or Store in a cold place appear on cans/bottles of fizzy drinks ... 

Maujean, A., Gomerieux, T., and Gamier, J.M. (1988). A survey of the durability and quality of foam in sparkling wines. I. Adjustment of a technique to measure the spontaneous as well as provoked effervescence in fizzy drinks. Bull. I OIV, 61, 25-35. 

The presence of food in the stomach and intestine delay the absorption. The nature of the drink can also influence the amount of alcohol absorbed and how quickly it is absorbed. With fizzy drinks, like champagne and spirits mixed with fizzy soft drinks such as tonic water, the alcohol is absorbed more rapidly. With neat spirits, more alcohol is exhaled before it is absorbed from the mouth and throat, and the amount absorbed will often be less. 

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