Fireproofing thermal insulation

Chrysotile is a noncombustible fibrous solid that has been widely used as a fireproof thermal insulator, for brake linings, in construction materials, and for filters under the name of asbestos. It decomposes with loss of water at 600-800 °C, eventually forming forsterite and silica at 810-820 °C. Because it is more resistant to attack by alkalis than are the amphibole asbestoses, chrysotile has been used in chloralkali cell membranes and in admixture with Portland cement for making sewer pipes (Chapter 11). 

Low density fireproof thermal insulation is bonded with colloidal silica. One type is a moldable foam of soluble silicate and colloidal silica foamed with a cationic surfactant. The foam type may include a polyalkylsiloxane for improved water resistance. Another is expanded perlite bonded with soluble silicate and colloidal... 

Rockwool is an example of a stmcture consisting of fibres arranged more or less randomly in space. They are glued together at their contact points. The fibres have diameters a little below 10 pm. The air in between occupies about 95% of the volume, making this material a good thermal insulator. It is also fireproof Such a stmcture is known as a random mat. The stmcture of paper tissue is similar. 

Atmospheric Atmospheric corrosion due to the combined effects of rain and the deposition of salt and other pollutants will affect most equipment. Corrosion occurs while the metal surface is wet, and is strongly influenced by the composition of deposits (such as sulfates from industrial atmospheres and chlorides from marine atmospheres). External corrosion of steel and stainless steel process equipment beneath thermal insulation and fireproofing is of particular concern. 

These components are mixed and allowed to foam then the composition is moulded into the desired shape and heated to 95°C. The resulting material has a stable air-bubble texture with a high tensile strength and thermally insulating properties. It can be used for building blocks, ceiling and wall panels, electrical components, pipe covers and fireproofing up to 1100°C [54],... 

This product has higher compressive strength, high utilization rate of space (1/3-1/5 of the thickness of traditional thermal insulation material), excellent sound insulation characteristics in addition to waterproof and fireproof, and can be widely used in machinery, sea vessels (ships), high-speed trains, refrigeration equipment, etc. (see Figures 40.5 and 40.6). 

This series of products possess low density, high specific surface area, high porosity ratio, light blue translucent particles or monoliths. They have low thermal conduction constant, good insulation property, strong adsorptive ability, are environment friendly, nontoxic, fireproof and noncorrosive, with no toxicity to human, and can be widely applied as functional structural interlayer, filling layer and composite layer for thermal insulation and preservation, air purification and water treatment (Figures 40.11 and 40.12). 

The Control of Corrosion Under Thermal Insulation and Fireproofing Materials—a Systems Approach... 

Uses. Thermal and electrical insulation fireproofing cement products... 

Class I asbestos work means activities in which thermal system insulation (pipe and boiler covering) or surfacing material such as sprayed-on fireproofing is removed. 

Polypropylene (PP) has wide acceptance for use in many application areas. However, low thermal resistance complicates its general practice. The new approach in thermal stabilization of PP is based on the synthesis of PP nanocomposites. This paper discusses new advances in the study of the thermo-oxidative degradation of PP nanocomposite. The observed results are interpreted by a proposed kinetic model, and the predominant role of the one-dimensional diffusion type reaction. According to the kinetic analysis, PP nanocomposites had superior thermal and fireproof behavior compared with neat PP. Evidently, the mechanism of nanocomposite flame retardancy is based on shielding role of high-performance carbonaceous-silicate char which insulates the underlying polymeric material and slows down the mass loss rate of decomposition products. 

---