Flame retardance nanocomposites

Marosi, G., Keszei, S., Matko, S., and Bertalan, G. 2006. Effect of interfaces in metal hydroxide-type and intumescent flame retarded nanocomposites. In Fire and Polymers TV Materials and Concepts for Hazard Prevention, Vol. 922, eds. Wilkie, C. and Nelson, G. Washington, DC ACS, pp. 117-30. 

Samyn, F., Bourbigot, S., Jama, C., Bellayer, S., Nazare, S., Hull, R., Castrovinci, A., and Camino, G. (2008) Characterisation of the dispersion in polymer flame retarded nanocomposites, European Polymer Journal 44(6) 1631—1641. 

Synergistic flame retardancy Nanocomposites have been demonstrated to reduce flammability, particularly through lowering peak heat release in cone calorimeter experiments. In combination with conventional flame retardants such as magnesium hydroxide or aluminum trihydrate, several polyolefin-based wire and cable products have been developed that incorporate 5% nanoday to reduce the use of conventional fire retardant agents and to improve physical properties [14, 15]. 

Flame retardant nanocomposites with polymer blends... 

H. Y. Ma, L. F. Tong, Z. B. Xu, and Z. P. Fang, Functionalizing carbon nanotubes by grafting on intumescent flame retardant Nanocomposite synthesis, morphology, rheology, and flammability. Advanced Functional Materials, 18 (2008), 414-21. 

Polymer/layered double hydroxide flame retardant nanocomposites... 

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a different kind of layered crystalline filler for nanocomposite formation. Because they combine the flame retardant features of conventional metal hydroxide fillers (magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide) with those of layered silicate nanofillers (montmorillonite), LDHs are considered to be a new emerging class of nanofillers favorable for the preparation of flame retardant nanocomposites. In the present chapter, recent progress in the study of polymer/LDH flame retardant nanocomposites is reviewed. 

In spite of the encouraging results obtained in polymer/LDH flame retardant nanocomposites, the use of LDHs alone is insufficient for ensuring adequate fire resistance to meet the required standards, such as LOI values and UL-94 test ratings, especially at low LDH concentrations. The combination of LDH with conventional flame retardants is an effective way to avoid this limitation. By this means, it is possible to reach the flame retardancy required by the market with a halogen-free, nontoxic flame retardant system and improved mechanical properties. There are also many issues concerning the synergy between LDH and conventional flame retardants. 

Often, combinations of nanofiUers with traditional micro-sized traditional flame retardants demonstrated synergistic effects. A halogen-free flame retardant nanocomposite was reported by Hu et al. using PA6, modified montmorUlonite,... 

Cone calorimetric data for PU and corresponding flame retardant nanocomposites are listed in Table 8.7. The data include the peak heat release rate (PHRR), mass loss rate (MLR), specific extinction area (SEA), amount of CO released. 

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