Fire retardant coating resistance

Uses. About 35-40% of the methanol made is converted to formaldehyde. That s not because the embalming business is so good. Formaldehyde is a feedstock for amino and phenolic resins, which are used as adhesives in plywood, and in the automotive and appliance industry to make parts (all the agitators in washing machines used to be made out of phenolic resins). It is used as feedstock for hexamethylene tetramine, used in electronic plastics for pentaerythritol, used for making enamel coatings and for floor polish and inks for butanediol, a chemical intermediate and for acetic acid, which is widely used itself as a feedstock and solvent and warrants its own treatrnent later on. In the textile business, formaldehyde is used to make fire retardants, mildew resistant linens, and permanent press clothing. 

Perfluoroalkyl compounds have been manufactured since the 1950s.The total production of fluorinated surfactants (anionic, cationic and neutral) was 2001 in 1979, whereas in 2000 the total production of PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate) alone was nearly 3000t (Shoeib et al., 2004). Together with PFOA (perfluoroocta-noic acid), PFOS is used in refrigerants, surfactants, fire retardants, stain-resistant coatings for fabrics, carpets and paper and insecticides. Surface treatments, such as protection of clothing and carpets constitute the largest volume of PFOS production (Moriwaki, Takata and Arakawa, 2003). PFOA as well is present in several... 

Stilbert and Cummings (10) describe very ably the status of fire-retardant coatings known to industry at the present time. Dow Latex 744B plasticized with Santicizer B-16 was added to a typical intumescent formulation to produce a decided improvement in the scrub resistance of the coatings, if less than 15% latex was used. 

Fire-resisting finish n. The preferred term is fire-retardant coating . 

High Thermal-Resistant and Fire-Retardant Coatings... 

Fire-Resisting Finish n The preferred term is "fire-retardant coating. ... 

Chlorinated paraffins are versatile materials and are used in widely differing appHcations. As cost-effective plasticizers, they are employed in plastics particularly PVC, mbbers, surface coatings, adhesives, and sealants. Where required they impart the additional features of fire retardance, and chemical and water resistance. In conjunction with antimony trioxide, they constitute one of the most cost-effective fire-retardant systems for polymeric materials, textiles, surface coatings, and paper products. Chlorinated paraffins are also employed as components in fat Hquors used in the leather industry, as extreme pressure additives in metal-working lubricants, and as solvents in carbonless copying paper. 

Fire Retardant - In general a term that denotes a substantially lower degree of fire resistance than "fire resistive. It is frequently used to refer to materials or structures that are combustible but have been subjected to treatment or surface coatings to prevent or retard ignition of the spread of fire. 

F or centuries man has attempted to devise an effective process by which combustible materials could be rendered noncombustible or at least fire-resistant, but until about 10 years ago progress in this field was very limited and the effectiveness of the processes was questionable. Back in the days of the Roman Empire, efforts were made to reduce the fire hazard in props, curtains, and decorative-effect materials used in stage and theatrical plays by impregnating the fabrics with fine clay, and at about the same time clay, gypsum, and other types of plaster were used to coat wood, in an effort to make it resistant to fire. Since that time there has been steady progress in the field of fire-resistive and fire-retardant treatment processes, but it has been slow and the field of activity has been rather limited. 

Paint compounds which do not provide these features to a satisfactory degree are either low-grade paints or merely coatings. A number of coatings have been offered on the market to provide protection against fire. Some of these are effective fire-retardant compounds, but the majority will not withstand weathering and thus have limited interior use only. To overcome this deficiency, manufacturers recommend a second or protective coat of moisture-resistant material. As an alternative means of achieving this same result, fire-retardant chemicals can be sprayed or brushed on wood and protected by a normal paint after the chemical dries. 

One coat of primer, formula 84-47, followed by fire-retardant white, formula 27. The primer, a zinc chromate alkyd type, intended for use by the Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force as a corrosion inhibitor tor metal surfaces, conforms with the requirements of specification JAN-P-735 (4). It is not formulated to be fire-resistant. The top coat, a semigloss inside fire-retardant paint intended primarily as a finish for interior bulkheads and overheads aboard ship, conforms with the requirements of specification JAN-P-702 (3). 

Fire-retardant-treated wood is durable and stable under normal exposure conditions. Treatments using inorganic water-soluble salts, however, are not recommended for exterior exposures to rain and weathering unless the treatment can be adequately protected by water-repellent coating. Exterior-type treatments in which the chemicals are "fixed" in the wood in some manner are leach resistant and nonhygroscopic. 

A.R. Horrocks, Flame retardant resistant textile coatings and laminates. In Advanced Fire Retardant Materials, A.R. Horrocks and D. Price (eds.), Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, U.K., 2008, Chapter 7. 

Wang, Z., Han, E., and Ke, W. 2005. Influence of nano-LDHs on char formation and fire-resistant properties of flame-retardant coating. Prog. Org. Coating. 53 29-37. 

At an optimum addition level of only 1.5 w t %, nano-size magnesium-aluminum LDHs have been shown to enhance char formation and fire-resisting properties in flame-retarding coatings, based on an intumescent formulation of ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol, and melamine.89 The coating material comprised a mixture of acrylate resin, melamine formaldehyde resin, and silicone resin with titanium dioxide and solvent. It was reported that the nano-LDH could catalyze the esterification reaction between ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol greatly increasing carbon content and char cross-link density. 

Z. Wang, E. Han, and W. Ke, Effect of nanoparticles on the improvement in fire-resistant and anti-ageing properties of flame-retardant coating, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2006, 200 5706-5716. 

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