Finishing cellulose fibers

Flame Retardant Finishes Cellulosic fibers are among the more flammable fibers and are subject to rapid flaming combustion as well as slow... 

The application of water-repellent finishes to fabrics actually involves a chemical reaction between the material and the finish. Cellulose-based fibers such as cotton possess hydroxyl (-OH) groups that exist on the surface of fabrics spun and woven from the fiber. The basic structure of cellulose portrayed in Fig. 7.6.1 reveals... 

Two types of approaches are available. In one, the fabric is padded with the cross-linker finish, dried, then sent to the garment cutter. The garments are then pressed and cured. In the second, the fabric is cured in fabric form, then fabricated into garments. It is then pressed and recured in hot-head presses. This double curing is particularly hard on the cellulosic fiber in terms of strength and abrasion resistance. 

Binding fine cellulose libers and solid inotgantc additives lu long cellulose fibers as the paper pulp is being formed into sheets on a paper machine (see Papermaklng and Finishing). 

There has been a variety of approaches for imparting antimicrobial activity to cellulosic fibers, many of them developed as part of a weather-resistant finish (Table I). Metal salts, organometallics, resins, sulfur and nitrogen compounds, and chemical modification of hydroxyl groups by acetylation or cyanoethylation are typical methods used to impart antimicrobial activity (125). A survey made in 1966 lists all commercial products available for protecting materials against biodeterioration— trade names, active ingredients, end uses, and names of manufacturers are tabulated (126). 

Catalyst for resin finishing of woven and knitted fabrics of cellulosic fibers and blends. CASSURIT Catalyst AM is an acid donor for crosslinking resins giving a high rate of cure to low formaldehyde glyoxal based reactants. CASSURIT Catalyst AM was developed to provide excellent shade and whiteness retention. 

Special finishing agent for a permanent soft, smooth, and spring hand. Can be used on woven and knitted goods as well as yarns made of synthetic or cellulosic fibers, wool, silk, and various blends of these fibers. Further properties improved crease resistance, improved sewability and cutting, anti-pill, anti-felting of wool. 

This material is a nonionic softener designed to produce satisfactory softening on cellulosic and blends of synthetics and cellulosic fibers. The outstanding feature of this softener is its tremendous resistance to yellowing under extreme conditions of time and temperature. This product is recommended for use with thermosetting resin finishes particularly where high cure conditions are present. 

WARCOFIX 808 fixative reduces bleeding and staining of colors and improves washfastness of direct colors on cellulosic fibers. WARCOFIX 808 fixative can be applied in the finish mix or by exhaustion after the dyeing cycle. 

A permanent flame retardant finish for cellulose fibers. PROTE-NYL BN-5724-S ... 

Finishing Wool Fabrics. The fundamental chemical structure of the wool fiber, together with its fiber morphology, impose an entirely different procedure in finishing wool fabrics than that outlined for the cellulosic fiber fabrics. Wool is sensitive to strong alkali, the fiber shrinks markedly with wetting, and the fiber felts under a suitable combination of mechanical work, chemical action, moisture, and heat. 

Earlier attempts—in the 1970s—to make cellulose-filled thermoplastic compositions had identified a serious obstacle. It became recognized that fillers, particularly cellulose fibers, do not disperse easily throughout the plastic formulations during compounding and molding. Accordingly, the finished products typically do not exhibit the desirable physical characteristics ordinarily associated with fiber-reinforced plastic composites. This problem has been dealt with in a number of patents. 

Cassurit . [Hoechst Celanese/Colorants Surf. Hoechst AG] Reactant resins for resin finishing of cellulosic fibers. 

DiamonineB. [ICI Surf. UK] Urea-formaldehyde resin thermoset i oducing durable press finishes on cellulose fibers and stiff finishes on synthetic fibers. 

The finished xanthate, colored a strong red-orange by the trithiocarbonate by-product, is dissolved in dilute caustic to.form viscose (ts ically, 6-9 per cent cellulose and 5-8 per cent sodium hydroxide plus by-products of carbon disulfide hydrolysis, of viscosity 30-50 poises at 20°C). Viscose, in turn, yields regenerated cellulose fibers or film when extruded into an acid coagulating and regenerating bath. The instability of the xanthate halfester under acid conditions makes rapid regeneration possible. 

Zirconia stabilized by yttria (3 mol. %) was used as initial nanopowder. It was produced from the salt containing hydro-cellulose fibers using the thermal treatment. During the treatment the solvent was removed and oxide fibers composed from nanograins of PSZ were formed. The fibers were grinded in fine dispersed powder from which half-finished products were formed. Some properties of the powder are presented in Table 1. 

Uses Produces durable press finishes on cellulosic fibers stiffener tor syn. fabrics... 

Easy-care is the property associated with an improved maintenance of cellulosic-based textiles, especially with respect to wrinkhng and thus ironing. Cellulosic fibers have the disadvantage of lack of dimensional stabihty. The discovery of the effect of formaldehyde reacting with cellulose was the basis for the development of easy-care finishes. 

Fibers from the bast or cellulosic family, namely hemp, jute, and linen, are occasionally used in fabrics in their own right but are more often used as feature blends in cotton and rayon apparel fabrics. These cellulosic fibers have the same basic fiber chemistry as cotton. Hence, the principles and practice for preparation, dyeing, and finishing processes are relatively similar. The specialty animal fibers such as alpaca and mohair are generally used in blends with wool as they have similar processing and... 

Toxicology LD50 (IV, mouse) 180 mg/kg poison by IV route skin and eye irritant TSCA listed Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits toxic fumes of NOx Uses Thermosetting resin producing durable press finishes on cellulosic fibers stiffener for syn. fabrics... 

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