Carbon disulfide hydrolysis

The finished xanthate, colored a strong red-orange by the trithiocarbonate by-product, is dissolved in dilute caustic to.form viscose (ts ically, 6-9 per cent cellulose and 5-8 per cent sodium hydroxide plus by-products of carbon disulfide hydrolysis, of viscosity 30-50 poises at 20°C). Viscose, in turn, yields regenerated cellulose fibers or film when extruded into an acid coagulating and regenerating bath. The instability of the xanthate halfester under acid conditions makes rapid regeneration possible. 

Alternative means for removal of carbonyl sulfide for gas streams iavolve hydrogenation. For example, the Beavon process for removal of sulfur compounds remaining ia Claus unit tail gases iavolves hydrolysis and hydrogenation over cobalt molybdate catalyst resulting ia the conversion of carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, and other sulfur compounds to hydrogen sulfide (25). 

Commercial-scale processes have been developed for the production of hydrogen sulfide from heavy fuel oils and sulfur as well as from methane, water vapor, and sulfur. The latter process can be carried out in two steps reaction of methane with sulfur to form carbon disulfide and hydrogen sulfide followed by hydrolysis of carbon disulfide (116). 

Further hydrolysis of the carbon disulfide and the trithiocarbonate produces hydrogen sulfide, etc (33). In another study of the decomposition of sodium ethyl xanthate [140-90-9] in flotation solutions, eleven components of breakdown were studied. The dependence of concentration of those components vs time was examined by solving a set of differential equations (34). 

Carbon disulfide is essentially unreactive with water at room temperature, but above about 150°C in the vapor phase some reaction occurs forming carbonyl sulfide (carbon oxysulfide) [463-58-1] and hydrogen sulfide [7783-06-4]. Carbonyl sulfide is an intermediate in the hydrolysis reaction ... 

The most suitable routine analytical method for the determination of alkylenebis-(dithiocarbamate) residues in fruits and vegetables is hot acid hydrolysis with stannnous chloride and concentrated hydrochloric acid, followed by determination of the evolved carbon disulfide by spectrophotometry or GC. 

The genus Thiobacillus, especially the species T. denitrificans catalyzed the oxidation reactions of hydrogen sulfide yielding soluble hydrosulfide compounds, elemental sulfur, and sulfuric acid. Carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide are converted to hydrogen sulfide by hydrolysis. Additionally, they are oxidized to SOx and sulfates via microbial action. The reported oxidation reactions of thiosulfate using nitrate as electron acceptor are ... 

Titanium(IV) iodide is extremely hygroscopic. It dissolves in water with decomposition, and it fumes in air owing to hydrolysis. It forms 2 1 adducts with ammonia,7 pyridine,33 and ethyl acetate.34 With excess ammonia it undergoes ammo-nolysis to give ammonobasic titanium(IV) iodides.7 Analogous aminolysis reactions occur when titanium(IV) iodide is treated with an excess of primary or secondary amine.36 Titanium(IV) iodide is sparingly soluble in petroleum ether, moderately soluble in benzene, and even more soluble in chlorinated hydrocarbons and carbon disulfide. At elevated temperatures it... 

Fundamentally, O-esters of N-hydroxy-2-thiopyridone are photo-lyzed in the presence of an excess of white phosphorus in a methylene chloride/carbon disulfide medium. On solvent removal, hydrolysis, and oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, good yields of phosphonic acids (Figure 2.10) bearing the carbon functionality of the parent acid are isolated. 

Adewuyi, Y.G. and Carmichael, G.R. Kinetics of hydrolysis and oxidation of carbon disulfide by hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium and application to carbonyl sulfide, Environ. Sci. Technol, 21(2) 170-177, 1987. 

It also is obtained by the reaction of methane with sulfur vapor to produce carbon disulfide which on hydrolysis yields H2S ... 

Benzoyl chloride, [98-88-4], C6HbCOC1, mp, — 1°C bp, 197.2°C at 101.3 kPa df, 1.2070 n], 1.55369. Benzoyl chloride is a colorless liquid that fumes upon exposure to the atmosphere, has a sharp odor, and in vapor form is a strong lachrimator. It is decomposed by water and alcohol, and is miscible with ether, benzene, carbon disulfide, and oils. Benzoyl chloride may be prepared in several ways, including the partial hydrolysis of benzotrichloride, the chlorination of benzaldehyde, and from benzoic acid and phosphorus pentachloride. The most common method is the reaction of benzoic acid and benzotrichloride [98-07-7]. Since benzoic acid may be easily obtained from benzotrichloride, the latter is used as the sole raw material for large-scale production of benzoyl chloride. 

Mesitoic acid has been obtained by hydrolysis of its amide which was prepared from mesitylene, carbamyl chloride, and aluminum chloride in carbon disulfide.1 It has been prepared by heating isodurene with dilute nitric acid,2,3 in small yields by the distillation of 2,4,6,-trimethylmandelic acid,4 by dry dis-... 

Two alternative approaches to the synthesis of the partially unsaturated ring systems are depicted in Schemes 27 and 28. The addition of sulfide ion to the multiple bonds of (208) in the former is facilitated by the activating effect of the sulfinyl or sulfonyl moiety and reaction occurs rapidly, giving yields of 67-84% (79S47). The second approach illustrates the use of an unsaturated dithiolate ion (76JOC1484). The first dianion (209) is generated from electrochemically reduced carbon disulfide and reacts with 1,2-dibromoethane to give the fused compound (210). Hot base-catalyzed hydrolysis cleaves (210) to form a new dianion which, with 1,2-dibromoethane, affords the product. 

Somewhat soluble in water hydrolysis is rapid at or above 18 C. Soluble in ether, dioxane, acetone, and aromatic hydrocarbons sparingly soluble in carbon disulfide and aliphatic hydrocarbons.1... 

Soluble in water and carbon disulfide very soluble in dichloromethane sensitive to hydrolysis, oxidation, and heat.2... 

Phosphorus(V) sulfochloride is a colorless, fuming liquid with boiling point 125° and specific gravity 1.635. The alpha form solidifies at —40.8°, while the beta form solidifies at —36.2°.7 The compound hydrolyzes slowly in water and rapidly in alkaline solution. In water, the hydrolysis products are orthophosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, and hydrogen sulfide. Phosphorus (Y) sulfochloride is soluble in benzene, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, and chloroform. It reacts with ethanol, yielding O-ethyl dichlorothiophosphate8 (synthesis 25). 

Fig (19) Octalin ketal (163) is converted to kete dithioacetal (164) by the cleavage of ketal function and condensation with carbon disulfide and methyl iodide. Subjection of (164) to the action of dimethylsulfonium niethylide and acid hydrolysis leads to the formation of unsaturated lactone (165).lts furan silyl ether derivative is caused to undergo Diets-Atder reaction with methyl acrylate to obtain salicyctic ester (166) which is converted by standard organic reactions toabietane ether (167). It is converted to aiiylic alcohol (168) by epoxidation and elimination. Alcohol (169) obtained from (168) yields orthoamide which undergoes transformation to amide (170). Its conversion to the previously reported intermediate has been achieved by epoxidation, elimination and hydrolysis. 

Addition of anionic nucleophiles to alkenes and to heteronuclear double bond systems (C=0, C=S) also lies within the scope of this Section. Chloride and cyanide ions are effieient initiators of the polymerization and copolymerization of acrylonitrile in dipolar non-HBD solvents, as reported by Parker [6], Even some 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions leading to heterocyclic compounds are often better carried out in dipolar non-HBD solvents in order to increase rates and yields [311], The rate of alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl and 4-nitrophenyl acetate in dimethyl sulfoxide/water mixtures increases with increasing dimethyl sulfoxide concentration due to the increased activity of the hydroxide ion. This is presumably caused by its reduced solvation in the dipolar non-HBD solvent [312, 313]. Dimethyl sulfoxide greatly accelerates the formation of oximes from carbonyl compounds and hydroxylamine, as shown for substituted 9-oxofluorenes [314]. Nucleophilic attack on carbon disulfide by cyanide ion is possible only in A,A-dimethylformamide [315]. The fluoride ion, dissolved as tetraalkylammo-nium fluoride in dipolar difluoromethane, even reacts with carbon dioxide to yield the fluorocarbonate ion, F-C02 [840]. 

Elliott S. (1989) The effect of hydrogen peroxide on the alkaline hydrolysis of carbon disulfide. Environ. Sci. Technol. 24, 264-267. 

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