Fine-Chemicals Synthesis

As for heterogeneous olefin polymerization catalysis, the activity of rare-earth metal catalysts may be also enhanced in organic transformations by the use of silica supports or other carriers [7]. Indeed, several catalytic C-C and C-X (with X = H/D, Si, O) bond formation reactions as weU as functional group transformations witness to the potential of SOLn/AnC-based heterogeneous catalysts for fine chemical synthesis. 

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The Heck reaction and other related transformations for selective C-C couplings are receiving a great deal of attention among synthetic chemists, due to their versatility for fine chemical synthesis. However, these reactions suffer in many cases from the instability of the Pd-catalysts used, resulting in high catalyst consumption and difficult processing. 

In comparison with traditional biphasic catalysis using water, fluorous phases, or polar organic solvents, transition metal catalysis in ionic liquids represents a new and advanced way to combine the specific advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. In many applications, the use of a defined transition metal complex immobilized on a ionic liquid support has already shown its unique potential. Many more successful examples - mainly in fine chemical synthesis - can be expected in the future as our loiowledge of ionic liquids and their interactions with transition metal complexes increases. 

Roberts, S.M. (ed.),(1999) Biocatcdystsfor Fine Chemical Synthesis, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim. 

Miniaturization and parallelization key approaches for drug development apparatus for combinatorial chemistry UHTS 1536 titer-plate format modular construction of apparatus applications of UHTS fine-chemical synthesis by micro reactors numbering-up nature as model general advantages of micro flow vision of plants-on-a-desk [233]. 

ScHOUTEN, J. C., Rebrov, E., de Croon, M. H. J. M., Challenging prospects for microstructured reaction architectures in high-throughput catalyst screening, small scale fuel processing, and sustainable fine chemical synthesis, in Proceedings of the Micro Chemical Plant - International Workshop, pp. L5 (25-32) (4 Eebruary 2003), Kyoto, Japan. 

Many standard reactions that are widely applied in the production of fine chemicals employ. strong mineral or Lewis acids, such as sulphuric acid and aluminium chloride, often in stoichiometric quantities. This generates waste streams containing large amounts of spent acid, which cannot easily be recovered and recycled. Replacement of these soluble mineral and Lewis acids by recyclable. solid acids, such as zeolites, acid clays, and related materials, would represent a major breakthrough, especially if they functioned in truly catalytic quantities. Consequently, the application of solid acids in fine chemicals synthesis is currently the focus of much attention (Downing et al., 1997). 

Supported palladium catalysts for fine chemicals synthesis are generally based on metal particles. Nevertheless, a few examples are reported of the use of supported complexes as catalysts for the Heck reaction (see Chapter 9.6). Nearly all the possible immobilization methods have been tested for this reaction. 

In another cost analysis, a commercial fine-chemical synthesis using microprocess technology, developed and undertaken by the AzurChem Company, was investigated (Krtschil et al. 2006). Using real-life data,... 

Without further detailing such analysis, reported comprehensively elsewhere, some simple rules for cost-efficient microprocess technology fine-chemical synthesis can be given. The first rule is to select fast... 

Catalysts for Fine Chemical Synthesis Flydrolysis, Oxidation and Reduction. Volume 1... 

Catalysts for Fine Chemical Synthesis Volume 2 Catalysis by Polyoxometalates... 

Hydrolysis, oxidation, and reduction / edited by Stan M. Roberts and Geraldine Poignant, p. cm—(Catalysts for fine chemical synthesis v. 1)... 

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