Financial aspects

The costs involved are much smaller than for traditional research. This applies not only to direct financial aspects, but also to requirements in terms of human resources, and to ethical matters related, for example, to the origin of wet tissue or organ samples. 

As regards distribution, there is a clear need for a broader structural reform than the political situation sometimes allows, although the law passed by the autonomous community of Navarre (Statutory Law 12/2000 on Pharmaceutical Care) seems to have opened up something of a breach in this respect. In our opinion the necessary reform, which affects both organizational and financial aspects, requires a coherent strategy centred on a new regulatory arrangement for pharmacies. 

There are several areas where a therapeutic relationship can typically go wrong and cause ethical concerns. The first area of concern has to do with finances. Since counseling and therapy often involve payment, it is important to try to divorce therapy as much as possible from the financial aspects of the business of therapy. However, this is not always possible, especially if you are in private practice and you are your own accountant, too A rule of thumb is this If you cannot treat a client without bias because bills are not being paid, then you have no business treating the client any longer. A therapeutic referral must be made. There is no possible way that you can give your best effort to a client when you are sore about not getting paid. 

There is also a financial aspect on drug-related problems. For every dollar spent on drugs in US nursing homes facilities, 1.33 dollars in health care resources are consumed in the treatment of drug-related problems (Bootman et al. 1997). 

The importance of temperature measurement can even be seen simplistically by consideration of the financial aspects of the sensors and devices used worldwide. Estimates on the worldwide sales oftemperature sensors run to several hundred million dollars per year,(1) a figure that could be increased several times when the associated controllers, indicators, and other aspects of the measurement system are added. 

The chips sell for about 25 to 35 cents per lb for PET (with less than 100 ppm of aluminum), and 17 to 25 cents per lb for HDPE. In comparison, virgin PET costs about 50 to 60 cents per lb, and HDPE resins about 40 cents per lb. The center combines these and other factors in evaluating the financial aspects of operating a plant. "In our engineering... 

Siegel, Jonathan B. 2004. Financial Aspects of 180-Day Generic Exclusivity. Presentation to the Food and Drug Law Institute Conference on Two Decades of Hatch-Waxman, December 1-2, Washington, DC. 

Chapters 8 to 11 deal with optimization of the reaction and process conditions of biocatalytic processes. Finally, chapters 12 and 13 cover the patent aspects, and the commercial and financial aspects, respectively. 

SOME COMMERCIAL AND FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF BIOCATALYSIS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS... 

In addition to measuring financial aspects, it is important to set up a system to track other key elements ensuring full value delivery, to continuously follow up both on key performance indicators (for example, number of suppliers, quality of performance, etc.) and on whether actions have been followed through and milestones fulfilled. 

Similar to HRQL surveys, patient satisfaction instruments are designed to be general or specific instruments. One of the most commonly used instruments is the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ). This survey measures global satisfaction, as well as the specific domains of technical quality, interpersonal manner, communication, financial aspects, time spent with the doctor, and accessibility of care (Fincham and Wertheimer, 1987 Larson and MacKeigan, 1994 MacKeigan and Larson, 1989). 

Surveys specifically measuring outpatient pharmacy services have also been developed, notably the Satisfaction with Pharmacy Services Questionnaire. This is a 45-item survey that has been adapted from PSQs and tests for consideration, explanation, technical competence, financial aspects, and general issues. Table 27-2 shows a sample of these items (MacKeigan and Larson, 1989). 

MICHAEL WILLINGHAM, Research Analyst, President s Commission on Coal Mr. Bloom, earlier today you mentioned the DOE criterion for evaluation systems and that not enough systems have been looked at in a standardized manner. I believe someone else also mentioned the uncertainties associated with the financial aspects of many of these processes appear to be so great that they outweigh the relative differences between some of the processes. 

Size or Dimension of the Job. Includes both the financial and non financial aspects of the job, e.g., the job is part of a team, the holder will supervise two of the technicians within the team financial responsibility is restricted to the purchase of consumables and monitoring against budget. 

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