Final Words

I thank Dr. Michael Dean and Dr. Jean Amos for their insight into practical molecular genetics which helped to guide this review. In addition, I thank Ms. Daniela Radu for allowing the inclusion of a previously unpublished figure. The content of this publication does not necessarily refiect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does the mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The author s time has been funded in whole or in part by the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. 

American Society of Human Genetics, Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening programs and quality control for laboratories performing maternal serum and amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein assays Policy statement. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 136(12), 1253-1256 (1987). 

American College of Medical Genetics, Prenatal interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) policy statement. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 53(2), 526-527 (1993). 

American College of Medical Genetics/American Society of Human Genetics Working Group on ApoE and Alzheimer Disease, Statement on use of apolipoprotein E testing for Alzheimer disease. JAMA 274(20), 1627-1629 (1995). 

Adinolfl, M., Beck, S., et al, Levels of alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluids of mice (curly-tail) with neural tube defects. J. Med. Genet. 13(6), 511-513 (1976). 

Samfundet was important for its members, but it was an internal organization, which could be rather fragile. Members could all of a sudden leave for other organizations, or could take active part in competing organizations at the same time. One reason for the weakness was of course bad finances, membership fees being the only source of income. Another reason was that it never became an official contributor in public debate, which left Samfundet with little power. The 

Late examples are from SvKT (1919) 31, 25-28 and SvKT 32, passim. 

For the chemist with political ambitions, or who wanted to work for a special goal within chemistry, Samfundet was a weak organization. Individual members could certainly be very influential in the scientific or engineering communities or in politics, but not as members of Samfundet. However, it offered a place for networking. This is a theme which needs a much more thorough study than is possible here. Individuals could use Samfundet to make contacts, but not as a vehicle for their own specific interests - it was too weak for that purpose. This is also mirrored in the journals, Kemiska Notiser and SvKT, which mainly contained discussions and informed on recent research in overview articles, but never presented new original research. Its character as a membership newsletter was very evident. 

KTH Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan (Royal Institute of Techno- 

SvKT Svensk Kemisk Tidskrift (Swedish Chemical Journal) 

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A final word may be said about appraising the accuracy of a computed root. No usable rigorous bound to the errors is known that does not require approximations to all roots and vectors. Suppose, then, that X is a matrix whose columns are approximations to the characteristic vectors, and form... 

A final word Can frequency response methods replace root locus ... 

A final word of caution on aromatic systems - the electron donating groups (notably those in which oxygen is the shielding entity) can cause problems, because their ortho- and para- effects are so similar. Consider the following example - you are presented with a sample known to be one of the two isomers shown in Structure 5.3 ... 

The examples discussed here show that the new LIE parametrization of Ref. 26, while reliable for a number of systems, could not be the final word in the development of this type of approximate binding free energy calculations. As we will see below there may be more examples of ligand-receptor systems that don t fit the simple picture of Figure 1. 

A final word, quoted from The Dow Chemical Company, a leader in the field of reactive chemistry ... 

Staudinger countered by publishing a "Schlusswort" or final word (31), a copy of which he submitted to Meyer before publication. In this "Schlusswort" he reemphasized his position and answered Mark s request for cooperation. It is interesting that Mark wrote an extensive letter to Staudinger asking him to omit this latter part, since otherwise he too would have to respond, Staudinger s reply to Mark is not known, but the published "Schlusswort" indicates his compliance with Mark s request. 

A final word of caution regarding the use of single-temperature equilibrium constants. Although this is a rather expeditious method to derive reaction enthalpies, the obtained values may be quite inaccurate. For instance, a small 10 J K I mol-1 error in the estimated Ar,Vy. yields a 3 kJ mol-1 error in Ar at 298.15 K. 

A final word needs to be said about the supposedly unique features of enzymes, namely, their ability to produce enantiomerically pure products. This is not the place to speculate about the stereospecificity of enzymes, a problem that has been discussed elegantly by Comforth (15). It cannot be denied that the high (>99.9%) enantiomeric purity achieved by enzymes may be uniquely useful in the case of liquid products. However, when crystalline products are obtained in an asymmetric synthesis and the e.e. exceeds 80%, crystallization to enantiomeric purity without excessive loss of material is routinely achieved. 

Harmon and Lovelace (1982) studied the ir spectrum of -toluidinium bifluoride and tetramethylammonium bifluoride and concluded that the hydrogen bonds are different from that of KHF. The first is different because it is known to be unsymmetrical, but the second was claimed to be even stronger than the hydrogen bond in KHFj. For the tetramethylammonium salts of HFj and DFj the isotope ratios were 1.40 (V2) and 1.41 (Vj). Clearly, the final word on the vibrational analysis of FHF has still to be written. Calculations of ionic force fields based on ir data have been carried out (Matsui et al., 1986), but since these are based on V3 it is probably unwise to read too much into them. 

Below are early drafts of the text written for two posters introduced in chapter 9. The drafts were ultimately shortened because of space limitations in the hnal posters. Without referring to the final posters, rewrite each text so that it is more concise aim for the final word/line counts noted for each draft. 

In summary, there is not much to be gained in using one-way analysis of variance with multiple treatment groups. A simpler analysis structuring the appropriate pairwise comparisons will more directly answer the questions of interest. One final word of caution though undertaking multiple comparisons in this way raises another problem, that of multiplicity. For the time being we will put that issue to one side we will, however, return to it in Chapter 10. 

Ellipses can be used to indicate a pause in dialogue or a trailing off of dialogue. If a complete sentence is fading, use four dots, with no space between the final word and the dots. (One of the dots serves as a period.) If a sentence fragment is trailing off, use three dots, leaving a space between the end of the final word and the first dot. 

The final word on ideal gas behavior summarizes all four variables (pressure, temperature, volume, and number of particles) in one easy-to-use equation called the ideal gas law ... 

Applications of the Grubbs reaction continue to be developed. This is an update, not the final word. 

This chapter does not purport to be the final word on water and fat absorption of plant proteins. Rather, it is designed to summarize information on the mechanism of protein interaction with water and fat, to pull together the various terms used to describe and methods used to assess water and fat absorption, and to encourage a more uniform and quantitative approach to the study of protein functionality and performance in food. The major protein products to be examined in this review are of soy origin other products will be reviewed briefly in comparisons with soy products. 

Let me leave the final word to James Peto and Richard Doll, two of the most respected epidemiologists in the world. Both... 

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