Cold-filling

Aerosols are generally filled cold with chilled product and propellant. This reduces the vapor pressure of the propellant, allowing filling of approptiate containers by volume. The valves are then crimped to the container with the valve in place. The container is then charged with the propellant (under pressure) through the valve. The finished containers are checked for leaks. 

If products are filled cold into clean bottles on clean (but not aseptic) fillers, stored in refrigerated warehouses and sold to the customer from chill cabinets then quite long shelf lives can be obtained. The product is generally flash pasteurised to ensure its cleanliness prior to filling. 

The benefit of these closures is that they have two forms of tamper evidence a vacuum-indicating button and a plastic tamper-evident band. They are ideal for hot-fill, cold-fill and retorted processes, and generally are available in the smaller 40-51 mm size range. 

If gelatination is negligible (e.g. filling cold moulds), Eq. (3.11) will be reduced to ... 

Design Technique for the Process of Filling Cold-walled Moulds... 

The product is then cooled to 15-20°C, the (fruit) preparation is added and the product is filled cold aseptically. 

In the SPME extraction method, the fiber was exposed to the headspace above the truffle sample for 30 min at either 80°C or at room temperature. In the HS Tenax adsorption procedure, thin strips of sample material were placed between plugs of glass wool in an empty stainless steel tube, which was then mounted in a desorber oven. The oven was heated to 60°C, and approximately 20 mL of He gas was used to flush the tube to the Tenax-filled cold (-40°C) trap over a 4-min period. The trapped volatiles were desorbed by rapid electrical heating to 250°C for 45 seconds and transferred to a GC column. 

Equip a I litre three-necked flask with a mechanical stirrer and a thermometer, and immerse the flask in a bath of ice and salt. Place 306 g. (283 ml.) of acetic anhydride, 300 g. (285 ml.) of glacial acetic acid and 25 g. of p-nitrotoluene in the flask, and add slowly, with stirring, 42 5 ml. of concentrated sulphuric acid. When the temperature has fallen to 5°, introduce 50 g. of A.R. chromic anhydride in small portions at such a rate that the temperature does not rise above 10° continue the stirring for 10 minutes after all the chromium trioxide has been added. Pour the contents of the flask into a 3 litre beaker two-thirds filled with crushed ice and almost fill the beaker with cold water. Filter the solid at the pump and wash it with cold water until the washings are colourless. Suspend the product in 250 ml. of cold 2 per cent, sodium carbonate solution and stir mechanically for 10-15 minutes filter (1), wash with cold water, and finally with 10 ml. of alcohol. Dry in a vacuum desiccator the yield of crude p-nitrobenzal diacetate is 26 g. (2),... 

A solution of 0.40 mol of ethyllithium in about 350 ml of diethyl ether (see Chapter II, Exp. 1) was transferred into the flask, which previously had been filled with nitrogen. The solution was cooled to -50°C and a cold solution (-30°C) of 0.43 mol of propyne in 50 ml of dry diethyl ether was added at a rate such that the temperature could be kept below -20°C. A solution of 0.45 mol of cyanogen chloride in 100 ml of diethyl ether, cooled at about 0°C, was then added in... 

After the addition of the propyne the thermometer-gas outlet combination was replaced with a "cold finger" filled with dry-ice and acetone. The top of this reflux condenser was connected via a plastic tube with a cold trap (-75°C) containing 50 ml of dry THF. The cooling bath was removed and the conversion of propyne started... 

Apparatus 3-1 round-bottomed, three-necked flask, provided with a dropping funnel, a mechanical stirrer and a reflux condenser, cooled with dry-ice and acetone (cold finger). The upper end of this condenser was connected with a drying tube filled with anhydrous calcium chloride. 

Apparatus See Fig. 7 size of the flask, 2 1 a gas-tight stirrer should be used the top of the condenser was connected uia a plastic tube to 2 tubes filled with lumps of CaCl2- These tubes in turn were connected to 2 cold traps (-80°C) each of which contained 40 ml THF or CH3OCH2CH2OCH3 (free from peroxides). 

The deleterious effect of some fat substitutes has been demonstrated in cake frosting (27) the result is an unacceptable frosting, filled with air bubbles. In another example, some low fat cheeses are quite acceptable when cold, but when heated result in a product texture that changes to a sticky, gummy mass. Attempts to replace fat must be viewed as a total systems approach (28,29). It is likely that no one material will replace fats in food rather, replacement will consist of mixtures with each ingredient addressing one or more of the roles played by fats in food. 

Fig. 12. Tensile strength vs draw ratio (6) 0.42 melt index spun at 50 m /min, B, and 500 m /min, A, A 12.0 melt index spun at 100 m /min, , O and 500 m /min, , <). Open symbols = cold drawn and annealed at 140°C filled symbols = drawn at 140°C. To convert GN/m to dyne/cm, multiply by...

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