Fibrous bone

Yamamoto T, Ozono K, Kasayama S, Yoh K, Hiroshima K, Takagi M, Matsumoto S, Michigami T, Yamaoka K, Kishimoto T, Okada S (1996) Increased IL-6-production by cells isolated from the fibrous bone dysplasia tissues in patients with McCune-Albright syndrome. J Clin Invest 98 30-35... 

Medical applications Prosthetics, fibrous bone cement... 

Laino, G., D aquino, R., Graziano, A., Lanza, V., Carinci, F., Naro, F., Pirozzi, G., Papaccio, G., 2005. A new population of human adult dental pulp stem cells a useful source of hving autologous fibrous bone tissue (LAB). J. Bone Mineral Res. 20, 1394—1402. 

Joints are stmcturaHy unique. They permit bodily movement and are bound together by fibrous tissues known as ligaments. Most larger joints are encapsulated in a bursa sac and surrounded by synovial fluid which lubricates the joint continuously to reduce friction. The skeleton is constmcted of various types of moveable joints. Some joints allow for no movement, such as those connecting the bones of the skull. Other joints permit only limited movement. For example, the joints of the spine allow limited movement in several directions. Most joints have a greater range of motion than the joints of the skull and spine. 

Tendons are composed of fibrous connective tissue. Tendon tissue is also formed by the fibroblast ceUs, similar to the way ligaments are formed. These fibroblast ceUs then further differentiate into other specialized ceUs known as fibrocytes. Mature fibrocytes are inactive and compose the ceUular portion of tendons. The function of the tendon is to attach muscles to bones and other parts. 

The body s frame or skeleton is constmcted as a set of levers powered or operated by muscle tissue. A typical muscle consists of a central fibrous tissue portion, and tendons at either end. One end of the muscle, known as the head, is attached to tendon tissue, which is attached to bone that is fixed, and known as the point of origin. The other end of the muscle is attached to a tendon. This tendon is attached to bone that is the moving part of the joint. This end of the muscle is known as the insertion end. An example is the bicep muscle which is coimected to the humems bone of the upper arm at its head or origin. The insertion end of the muscle is coimected to the radius bone of the forearm, otherwise known as the moving part of the elbow joint. 

Collagen is a rigid, inextensible fibrous protein that is a principal constituent of connective tissue in animals, including tendons, cartilage, bones, teeth, skin, and blood vessels. The high tensile strength of collagen fibers in these struc-... 

Collagen, the principal fibrous protein in mammalian tissue, has a tertiary structure made up of twisted a-helices. Three polypeptide chains, each of which is a left-handed helix, are twisted into a right-handed super helix to form an extremely strong tertiary structure. It has remarkable tensile strength, which makes it important in the structure of bones, tendons, teeth, and cartilage. 

Bone defects surgically produced in sheep and rabbit models, have been treated with freeze dried methylpyrrohdinone chitosan [334-336]. hi view of improving bone tissue reconstitution with chitosan associated with calcium phosphate. Microscopic and histological analyses showed the presence of an osteogenic reaction moving from the rim of the surgical lesion toward the center. In control lesions, dense fibrous tissue, without the characteristic histoarchitecture of bone was observed. 

Bursitis is an inflammation of the bursa, the fluid-filled sac near the joint where the tendons and muscles pass over the bone. The bursa assists with movement by reducing friction between joints. Tendonitis (also known as tendinitis) is an inflammation of the tendon or, more specifically, the fibrous sheath that attaches muscle to bone.3 Tenosynovitis is an inflammation of the tendon sheath. 

Collagen is the most abundant animal protein in the body of animals, where it makes up as much as one-quarter of all the proteins. It is a fibrous protein that provides structure to and protects and supports soft tissues it also connects tissues to the skeleton. Collagen forms, for example, most of the resilient layers that make up the skin and the filaments that support the internal organs. Interwoven with bioinorganic components, collagen also makes up the bones and teeth of vertebrate animals (see Chapter 15). 

G, alpha Insertions/dele- syndrome fibrous dysplasia of bone cafe-au-lait skin lesions sexual precocity pituitary, thyroid, or adrenal tumors Albright s hereditary with constitutive cAMP production Inactivating G a (86-89)... 

Shenker, A., Weinstein, L. S., Sweet, D. E., and Spiegel, A. M. (1994) An activating Gs alpha mutation is present in fibrous dysplasia of bone in the McCune-Albright syndrome. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 79, 750-755. 

Collagen, a class of fibrous protein, is the most abundant protein in the human body, accounting for approximately 25% of the total protein mass. It is the main component of the ECM and serves as a stmctural protein in connective tissues, such as skin, bone, cartilage, and blood vessels. Twenty-eight types of collagen have been identified in humans to date (Kar et al. 2006). Among these, collagen types I-III are the most abundant. 

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