Fibroblast system

Craciani, V, Mikalsen, S.-O., Vasseur, P. Sarmer, T. (1997) Effects of peroxisome proliferators and 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate on intercellular communication and cotmexin43 in two hamster fibroblast systems. Int. J. Cancer, 73, 240-248 Curto, K.A. Thomas, J.A. (1982) Comparative effects of diethylhexyl phthlate or mono-ethylhexyl phthlate on male mouse and rat reproductive organs. Toxicol, appl. Pharmacol., 62, 121-125... 

Long-lasting vasoconstriction is produced by the ETs in almost all arteries and veins and several studies have shown that ET-1 causes a reduction in renal blood flow and urinary sodium excretion. ET-1 has been reported to be a potent mitogen in fibroblasts and aortic smooth muscle cells and to cause contraction of rat stomach strips, rat colon and guinea pig ileum. In the central nervous system, ETs have been shown to modulate neurotransmitter release. 

Fibroblast locomotion has been studied in tissue culture systems and is unexpectedly complex. Initially when fibroblasts are plated, they are rounded and... 

IFNs are natural glycoproteins produced by the cells of most vertebrates in response to the challenge by foreign agents, such as infectious organisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites), and by tumor cells. IFNs can be produced by cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems and by non-immune cells such as fibroblasts and epithelial cells. 

Moysan, A., Marquis, I., Gaboriau, F., Santus, R., Dubertret, L. and Morliere, P. (1993). Ultraviolet A-induced lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence systems in cultured skin fibroblasts. J. Invest. Dermatol. 100, 692-698. 

The expression of TRPVl in the bladder is, however, not restricted to afferent nerves urothelium, detrusor muscle and fibroblasts also express TRPVl in the human bladder [140]. The implication of these findings for intravesical vanilloid therapy is unclear [141], but the increase in TRPVl immunoreactivity in the urothelium in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (that occurs in concert with increased TRPVl in bladder af-ferents) is a very intriguing finding [142]. In the male urogenital system, TRPVl is also present in testicles, prostate and scrotal skin [143], and it was postulated that TRPVl ligands may be beneficial in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia [144]. 

Beyond roles of chemokine receptors in hematopoiesis and innate immunity, roles for chemokines in adaptive immunity emerged. Moreover, other nonleukocyte migration properties of chemokine receptors have been identified. These include roles in the biology of endothelial cells (Chapter 15), cancer (Chapter 16), smooth muscle (Chapter 11), fibroblasts (Chapter 14), stem cells (Chapter 8), and all cell types associated with nervous system tissues (Chapter 17). In many instances, broad functional overlap is evident as chemokines can direct the migration of these cells just as they do with leukocytes. In certain instances, the ability of chemokines to retain cell populations within a specific microenvironment is as important as their migration-promoting properties. However, it is also clear that migration and retention are not the sole end points. 

Cellular Carriers. Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, islets, hepatocytes, and fibroblasts have all been suggested as potential carriers for drugs and biological substances. They can be used to provide slow release of entrapped drugs in the circulatory system, to deliver drugs to a specific site in the body, as cellular transplants to provide missing enzymes and hormones (in... 

IL-lra (17.5) Monocyte/macrophage, fibroblast Specifically inhibits IL-1 effects, including SIRS and sepsis in animal models and humans. Attenuation of coagulation, fibrinolytic, and complement systems, levels of PAF and neutrophil elastase. 

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a small polypeptide with a molecular mass of 26 kDa (see Table 2). IL-6 can be induced in various cell types, including fibroblasts, macrophages/monocytes, epithelial cells, T cells, B cells, and diverse tumor cells (L4). TNF, IL-1, and LPS can stimulate IL-6 gene expression in macrophages/monocytes and fibroblasts. In vivo studies showed that systemic administration of TNF, LPS, and IL-1 was followed by a rapid induction of circulating IL-6 (B49, J2). Also, endothelin (ET) at concentrations observed pathophysiolog-ically may trigger production of IL-6 (Ml7). 

In addition to this major adduct which, in some biological systems, such as human bronchus (90) or mouse skin (74) or fibroblast 10T1/2 cells in culture (133), accounts for almost all of the DNA adducts, other derivatives have been detected in many systems which have been investigated. These may vary with respect to tissue (134.135.136) or time of exposure (135,137). 

In addition to its cytotoxic effects, TNF-a appears to regulate the growth of some (non-trans-formed) cell types. It is capable of stimulating the growth of macrophages and fibroblasts, while suppressing division of haematopoietic stem cells. The systemic effects of this cytokine on cellular growth in vitro are thus complex and, as yet, only poorly appreciated. 

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