Fibroblasts locomotion

Fibroblast locomotion has been studied in tissue culture systems and is unexpectedly complex. Initially when fibroblasts are plated, they are rounded and... 

The TGF-/3 stimulation of fibroblast locomotion utilizes RHAMM. TGF-/3 is a potent stimulator of motility in a wide variety of cells. In fibroblasts, TGF-/3 triggers the transcription, synthesis, and membrane expression of not only RHAMM, but also the synthesis and expression of the HA, all of which occurs coincident with the initiation of locomotion.136... 

Brown, M.J. and Loew, L.M., Electric field-directed fibroblast locomotion involves cell surface molecular reorganization and is calcium independent. /. Cell Biol., 1994,127 117-128. 

The Locomotion of Amoeba The Locomotion of Fibroblastic Cell Types The Locomotion of Leukocytes The Behavior of Locomoting Cells The Role of the Cytoskeleton in Cell Locomotion The Microtubule-Based Cytoskeleton The Intermediate Filament-Based Cytoskeleton The Microfilament-Based Cytoskeleton The Organization of Microfilaments in Cells Microfilament Dynamics and Cell Locomotion Sites of Lamellar Protrusion May Be Determined by the Nucleation of Actin Polymerization... 

Couchman, J.R., Rees, D.A. (1979). The behavior of fibroblasts migrating from chick heart explants Changes in adhesion, locomotion and growth, and in the distribution of actomyosin and fi-bronectin. J. Cell Sci. 39, 149-165. 

Kolega, J., Taylor, D.L. (1993). Gradients in the concentration and assembly of myosin II in living fibroblasts during locomotion and fiber transport. Mol. Biol. Cell 4, 819-836. 

Nagasaki, T., Chapin, C.J., Gundersen, G.G. (1992). Distribution of detyrosinated microtubules in motile NRK fibroblasts is rapidly altered upon cell-cell contact Implications for contact inhibition of locomotion. Cell Mot. Cytoskel. 23,45-60. 

Not all crawling cells exhibit such a close correlation between cytoskeletal dynamics and locomotion. Often, as in fibroblasts (Wang, 1985) and... 

RHAMM is a HA receptor that can be present either on the cell surface, in the cytoplasm or even in the nucleus. Interactions between RHAMM and HA may trigger a lot of cellular signaling pathways, including those that involve protein kinase C, MAP kinases, phosphatidylinositol and tyrosine kinases [125]. Several recent studies have clearly demonstrated the involvement of RHAMM in the locomotion of TGF-)9-stimulated fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, macrophages as well as Ras-transformed fibroblasts [126], i.e. the processes that are most likely important in the development of cancer. 

Figure 4a. The illustration depicts a spread fibroblast on a layer of adsorbed protein the arrows represent forces generated by the microfilaments of the cell as an action-reaction pair. These forces are involved in the process of spreading as well as locomotion of the cells on the substrate.

Profilins have been found mainly in three different locations in cells. The interaction of profilins with membrane-bound phospholipids and/or actin predicted that profilin should be enriched at d)uiamic plasma membranes in locomoting or spreading animal cells. This was confirmed with specific antibodies for cultured fibroblasts (Buss et al. 1992) and for epithelial cells (Mayboroda et al. 1997). In plants, the pollen-specific isoforms have been localized... 

Cramer, L.P., Siebert, M. and Mitchison, T.J. (1997). Identification of novel graded polarity actin filament bundles in locomoting heart fibroblasts implications for the generation of motile force. J. Cell Biol. 136, 1287-1305. 

Kaverina, I., Krylyshkina, O., Gimona, M. et al. (2000). Enforced polarisation and locomotion of fibroblasts lacking microtubules. Curr. Biol. 10, 739-742. 

Kolega, J. (1997). Asymmetry in the distribution of free versus cytoskeletal myosin II in locomoting microcapillary endothelial cells. Exp. Cell Res. 231, 66-82. Kreis, T.E. and Birchmeier, W. (1980). Stress fiber sarcomeres of fibroblasts are contractile. Cell 22, 555-561. 

Dembo, M. and Wang, Y. L. Stresses at the ceU-to-substrate interface during locomotion of fibroblasts. Biophys J 76, 2307-2316,1999. 

---