Fertilization developing regions

UREA-AMMONIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE. A fertilizer developed especially for food-deficient regions, particularly rice-dependent areas. Several grades contain all three primary plant nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium). Contains up to 60% nitrogen, phosphoric anhydride and potassium oxide. 

The US Bureau of the Census, International Database (1996) (National Center for Health Statistics, 1996) projected that, for the year 2020, the less-developed countries would contain only 16.4% of the world population compared to 27.1 % in 1996, and that by 2020 the mean age of the population in more developed countries would be 42 years, up from 36 years in 1996. In developed regions, the elderly would outnumber young children by 8 1, for example in Italy, based on current fertility and survival rates, only 2% of the population would be five years or younger, but 40% would be 65 years and older. 

Farmers of the less-developed regions tend to be very sensitive to fertilizer price increases, whereas farmers who pay less for fertilizer relative to their total expenses tend to be relatively insensitive. For these reasons increasing fertilizer prices tend to decrease use disproportionately for farmers who can least afford the reduced production caused by lower fertilizer use. 

On May 1-2, 1974, a field from the Zhdanov Collective Farm in the Krivoozersk Region was treated with polychlorpinen. On May 15-25, 57 female collective farm workers worked in this field with no complaints. From May 30-June 6 the field was fertilized with ammonium nitrate, and on June 8 it rained. When, on June 11, the same 57 women worked in this field again, by 2pm all developed acute gas poisoning (the concentration of polychlorpinen in the air over the field three days later was only 0.04 mg/m3). 

There are many different types of soil, and extractant formulations have been fine-tuned to suit the soil. The particular extractant may also be chosen on the basis of familiarity over the years, and because it is easier to compare results with those previously obtained, and hence make recommendations to correct deficiencies based on experience. Usually one is not interested in the total amount of a soil nutrient, rather in the amount that is in a form available to the roots of the plant. Regional advisory laboratories over a long period may have developed index tables relating to the found concentration of nutrient in local soil types and the corrective amount of fertilizer required. It would probably be wise to adopt the same methods that have been used to... 

The North Central Region, in addition to the Olsen method, uses the Bray and Kurtz P-1 test for phosphorus (Bray and Kurtz, 1945), which has proved to be well correlated with crop response to phosphate fertilizer on acid to neutral soils in the region. Each state experiment station has developed correlations and calibrations for the particular soil conditions within its own state, so field experience over a number of years or decades is necessary when deciding which methods to adopt. When bringing samples from remote sites back to the laboratory, it is therefore important to assess the nature of the soil at that site in order to choose the optimum method. If the same method has... 

The focus of this chapter is on reproductive testing guidelines in the region. These test guidelines cover the assessment of fertility and other aspects of reproductive function in adults, prenatal developmental toxicity (including teratogenicity), and postnatal growth and development. 

Eucarpic sterile and fertile portions of thallus distinct from early stages or developed from specialized regions. 

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