Fermentation application

Novel Applications and Non-Food Uses of Potato Potatoes in Biomedical/Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Applications... 

Several different bioreactor configurations have been described for use in cell culture and fermentation applications. These include stirred tanks,... 

Several different bioreactor configurations have been described for use in cell culture and fermentation applications. These include stirred tanks, airlift, and hoUow-fiber systems. The majority of bioreactor systems in use for cell culture applications are still of the stirred-tank type. These systems have been used for batch, fed-batch, and perfusion operations. It would not be possible to adequately cover the field of stirred-tank scale-up in the space available here. Instead, this section will touch briefly on the important issues in bioreactor scale-up. For detailed methodologies on stirred-tank bioreactor scale-up, the reader is referred to several review papers on the topic [20,27,28]. 

Fermentation. Application to Processing of Heads, Agr. Food Chem. (1959) 7,576-578. 

Lecithin has some catalytic or cocatalytic effects in multiphase systems because of its surface-active properties. Lecithin is reported to be useful as an emulsifier in the curing of aqueous dispersions of unsaturated polyesters (337). The products are more easily removed from their molds and have improved mechanical properties when lecithin is used. In a fermentation application, 1.5% soybean lecithin acts as an inducer in the preparation of cholesterol esterase using a strain of Pseudomonas bacteria (338). Aside from its role as a catalyst, initiator, or modifier, lecithin may have ancillary uses in catalyst systems as part of a protective coating (339). 

Hollow fibers can be steamed, autoclaved, and are easy to replace, making them a frequent choice for continuous fermentation applications. They are frequently used for clarifying fermentation broths. Hollow fibers, typically with a 6000 Da MWCO, are also used in producing pharmaceutical grade (WFl) water. 

In the case of finished herbal products manufactured by fermentation, application of GMP should cover any production step following primary cutting and comminuting. Particular attention should be given to the introduction of cells from a cell bank into the fermentation process. 

These chelating resins have found most of their use in metal ion recovery processes in the chemical and waste recovery industries. They may find use in fermentation applications where the cultured organism requires the use of metal ion cofactors. Specific ion exchange resins have also been used in laboratory applications that may find eventual use in biotechnology product recovery applications. 

Verbelen P.J., De S.D.P., Delvaux F., Verstrepen K.J. and Delvaux F.R. Immobilized yeast cell systems for continuous fermentation applications. Biotechnology Letters 28 (19) (2006) 1515-1525. 

Gas dispersion in agitated tanks may be described in terms of bubble size, gas hold-up, interfacial area and mass transfer coefficient. While gas dispersion in low viscosity systems [Smith, 1985 Tatterson, 1991 Hamby et al., 1992] has been extensively studied, little is known about the analogous process in highly viscous Newtonian and non-Newtonian media, such as those encoim-tered in polymer processing, pulp and paper manufacturing and fermentation applications. 

Modern approaches for isolation, selection, and improvement of bacterial strains for fermentation applications... 

Prior to these two developments, fermentation was a nonsterile, empirical endeavor. The first real commercial industrial fermentation application was vinegar production from wine by a continuous fill and draw method during the Renaissance in France. Wine in large barrels was allowed to be oxidized by a floating mat of aerobic bacteria. A large part of the liquid containing the acetic acid was then removed from the barrel and replaced with fresh wine this process step was repeated as long as the oxidative biomass remained active. 

Correlations for prediction of kL a, including fermentation applications (also discussed in Chapter 18)... 

As well as the molten metals and bio-fermenter applications described above, other specially designed devices have been described to make direct measurements. 

Most biotechnological applications of hemicellulose utilize acid and/or solvent-based hydrolysates, in which the native xylan is cleaved to xylose and xylose oligomers. This saccharification can be achieved through such chemical means, but also by physical and/or enzymatic methods. Forest biomass is often treated with dilute acid or enzymatic hydrolysis as a pretreatment for fermentative application of the hemicellulosic fraction. Dilute acid hydrolysis generally uses low concentrations of mineral acids (H2SO4, HCl, 2-5%) at high temperatures (e.g. 150-170 °C) and pressures (10 atm) (Sun and Cheng, 2002). Concentrated... 

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