Bacteria Pseudomonas spp

The bacteria Pseudomonas spp. produce tabtoxin and pyocyanine, alkaloids with a relatively powerful biological activity. 

Meat spoilage (aerobic bacteria. Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria. Enterococcus spp.) E. coUf S. flexneri/ S. enterica/ C. tropicalis, S. odorifera, M. kansasii/ M. avium/ M. smegmatis/... 

Dimethyl octane Meat spoilage (aerobic bacteria. Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria. Enterococcus spp.) ... 

The ability of bacteria - particularly Pseudomonas spp. and Glucottobader spp. - to produce gluconolactone and gluconic acid has been exploited and the process is used commerdally, mainly in the production of the lactone. 

Kaiser et al. [320] mentioned that although many bacteria are capable of transforming quinolines, most quinoline-degrading organisms are Pseudomonas spp. The degradation of quinoline by P. aeruginosa QP and P. putida QP also occurred via hydrox-yquinolines. Other strains mentioned were P. fluorescens 3, P. putida 86, P. putida... 

Vacuum-steam-vacuum (VSV) treatment resulted in a 1.0-log reduction of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, a 2.0-log reduction of yeasts and molds, and a 1.5-log reduction of Pseudomonas spp. on cantaloupe surfaces. VSV treatment significantly reduced transfer of yeasts and molds and Pseudomonas spp. from whole cantaloupe surface to fresh-cut pieces during preparation (P < 0.05). Texture and color of the fresh-cut pieces prepared from the VSV-treated whole melons were similar to the controls (Ukuku and others 2006). 

The phyllosphere (or aerial) parts of plants represent a challenge for the survival of microbes. The exposure to high doses of UV, fluctuations in temperature, and relative humidity all compromise viability (Heaton and Jones, 2008 Whipps et ah, 2008). Bacteria (epiphytes) that exist within the phyllosphere have evolved specialized mechanisms to improve stress tolerance and nutrient acquisition. Pseudomonas spp. form the predominant bacterial population recovered on the leaves of plants (Brandi and Amundson, 2008 Lindow and Brandi, 2003). Epiphytic pseudomonad s produce fluorescent or pigmented compounds that afford protection to UV. 

Local treatment of skin and soft tissue infections with antibiotic-containing ointments or solutions should not be used because it leads to allergic reactions and rapid development of bacterial resistance. In settings where MRSA or resistant Enterobacte-riaceae (like ESBL s gram negative bacteria with extended spectrum beta lactames) or Pseudomonas spp. occur, the empiric use of vancomycin and a carbapenem can be necessary. The risk of transmission of these organisms should be minimalised by hygienic and isolation measures. 

The major precipitants of exacerbations of COPD are acute airways infections. The role of bacteria in precipitating exacerbations is controversial. Bacteria may have a primary role in the development of an exacerbation or represent a secondary superinfection of an initial viral process. The major bacterial organisms that have been associated with exacerbations are Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae may play a part. In COPD patients with a FEVi < 35% predicted gram-negative bacteria, especially Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. play an important part in acute exacerbations. 

The considerable extension of the shelf life by doses as low as 1 kGy under aerobic conditions is due to the radiation sensitivity of Pseudomonas spp. [46] and other Gramnegative bacteria mainly associated with spoilage of fresh meat and poultry. Also, a... 

The plasmids and operons described above represent the most studied ones, but probably constitute a small fraction of the catabolic operons in bacteria. In one study, 43 bacterial strains (mostly Pseudomonas spp.) from different sources, shown to possess the ability to degrade aromatic and PAHs, were hybridized with probes of NAH and TOL plasmids as well as with genomic DNA of bacteria known to degrade a wide variety of PAHs. Only 14 strains that mineralized naphthalene and phenanthrene showed homology to one of the probes. The remaining isolates mineralized and/or oxidized various PAHs and hybridized with neither pure plasmids nor genomic DNA (Foght Westlake, 1991). 

Many AB strains produce secondary metabolites that are inhibitory to plants, including phytotoxins and antibiotics, which can be considered allelopathic. Phytotoxins from fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., a diverse group of plant pathogenic bacteria abundant in the soil and rhizosphere, have been well studied (Mitchell, 1991). There are fewer reports on phytotoxins from AB and many have not been extensively studied. 

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