Feeds antibiotics

The nutrient sparing effect of antibiotics may result from reduction or elimination of bacteria competing for consumed and available nutrients. It is also recognized that certain bacteria synthesize vitamins (qv), amino acids (qv), or proteins that may be utilized by the host animal. Support of this mode of action is found in the observed nutritional interactions with subtherapeutic use of antibiotics in animal feeds. Protein concentration and digestibiHty, and amino acid composition of consumed proteins may all influence the magnitude of response to feeding antibiotics. Positive effects appear to be largest... 

Evidence for consistent, positive metaboHc effects of feeding antibiotics is fragmented and inconclusive. Direct measurement of increased uptake of nutrients, ie, in vivo amino acids, glucose, or volatile fatty acids in mminants, have not been reported. 

Veterinary Applications. Another use for antibiotics is for veterinary appHcations and for animal feed supplements to promote growth in Hvestock (see Feeds and feed additives). Feed antibiotics used in the United States far surpass all other agricultural appHcations in terms of kilogram quantities used and approach quantities used in human medicines (25). In 1980 the USA feed antibiotic usage was estimated to be between five and six million kg. The U.S. Council of Agricultural Science and Technology estimates that feed additives save the U.S. consumer approximately 3500 million per year in meat prices, and antibiotic use accounts for most of this. 

Choct M. (2001). Alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in monogastric animal industry . ATS Technical Bulletin, 30, 1-6. 

Inborr J. (2000). Swedish poultry production without in-feed antibiotics - a testing ground or a model for the future . Austral Poult Scie Sympm, 12, 1-9. 

The outbreak of Salmonella foodborne illness in Illinois in April 1985 was attributed to a tetracycline-resistant strain of Salmonella typhimurium. It evidently had no connection with feeding antibiotics in livestock. The resistant strain was of lower virulence than the average sensitive strain. 

Conclusions Growth increase approximately 20% by excluding contamination, or by feeding antibiotic. No effect of antibiotic in absence of contamination. 

The growth response to antibiotics depends on the "disease level," because various subacute diseases in farm animals are controlled by feeding antibiotics. Under these conditions, the growth response is increased, because growth is depressed by such diseases. As a result, subtherapeutic levels of antibiotics are... 

Roselli, M., Finamore, A., Britti, M.S., Bosi, P., Oswald, I. and Mengheri, E. (2005) Alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in pigs evaluation of probiotics, zinc or organic acids as protective agents for the intestinal mucosa. A comparison of in vitro and in vivo results. Animal Research 54, 203-218. 

One important consideration, therefore, is the effect of feed antibiotics on the Salmonella reservoir in animals, since these gram-negative bacilli may contaminate food products and cause illness and death in humans. In addition, a large proportion of the Salmonella typhlmurlum organisms isolated from humans carry R factors, the DNA-containing plasmids responsible for the transfer of antibiotic resistance. 

J.-P. Meunier et al. (2007). Use of spray cooling technology for development of micro-encapsulated Capsicum Oleoresin for the growing ping as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics. Study of Release using In Vitro Models. J. Anim. ScL, October 2007 85(10) 2699-2710. 

Main consequences of frequently used in-feed antibiotics for diarrhoea treatment... 

Canibe, N., Engberg, R.M. and Jensen, B.B. (2001) An overview of the organie aeids on gut flora and gut health. In. Proceedings of the Workshop on alternatives to feed antibiotics and anticoccidials in the pig and poultry meat production, gut environment and feed additives. October 13-16, 2001, Oslo, Norway. 

Ahmad, TS. and Matty, A.J. (1989) The effect of feeding antibiotics on growth and body composition of carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquaculture 77 211-229. 

Probiotic fodder preparations are regarded as a potential alternative to feed antibiotics, so the use of probiotics is considered an essential point of obtaining ecologically clean feed [1-5]. Probiotic preparations balanced with phytochemicals, show an enhanced biological activity due to the combination of the actual probiotic effect and the action of a phytobiotic. 

Goh CL, Ng SK (1985) Photoallergic contact dermatitis to carbimazole. Contact Dermatitis 12 58-59 Guerra L, Venturo N, Tardio M, Tosti A (1991) Airborne contact dermatitis from animal feed antibiotics. Contact Dermatitis... 

Penicillins can induce both contact dermatitis and urticaria or severe anaphylactic reactions. Sensitivity to penicillins often concerns healthcare workers and mainly nurses, but also workers in the pharmaceutical industry. Those antibiotics are also used by veterinarians and cattle breeders as medications and animal-feed antibiotics. All penicillin contain the 6-aminopenicillanic acid moiety. Penicillins of the G, V, A, and M groups are characterized by a specific 7-side-chain. Cross reactivity is possible between several penicillins but is not systematic since both immediate-and delayed-type sensitivity can implicate the 6-aminopenicillanic acid moiety, or be specific of the 7-side-chain. 

The increased interest in phytochemicals in animal diets has been spurred on by the reduction in and general market resistance to the use of in feed antibiotics, the removal of animal protein from diets, and thus the increased variety and inclusion levels of vegetable protein sources. Nevertheless, such effects may be the essential indicator of desirable properties, such as therapeutic potential, especially when the... 

Decuypere, J. A. Dierick, N. A. (2003). The combined use of triacylglycerols containing medium-chain fatty acids and exogenous lipolytic enzymes as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics in piglets concept, possibilities and limitations. An overview. Nutr. Res. Rev., 16, 193-209. 

Gallois, M., H. J. Rothkotter, M. Bailey, C.R. Stokes and I.P. Oswald, 2009. Natural alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in pig production can immunomodulators play a role Animal 3, 1644-1661. 

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