Febrile response

Gordon, C.J. and D.B. Miller. 1998. Thermoregulation in rats exposed perinatally to dioxin core temperature stability to altered ambient temperature, behavioral thermoregulation, and febrile response to lipopolysac-charide. Jour. Toxicol. Environ. Health 54A 647-662. 

Mier, J.W. et al., Induction of circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) as the mechanism for the febrile response to interleukin-2 (IL-2) in cancer patients, J. Clin. Immunol., 8, 426, 1988. 

Significant drug interactions include light-headedness nervousness drowsiness dizziness apprehension confusion mood changes hallucinations tremors convulsions unconsciousness hypotension bradycardia cardiovascular collapse, which may lead to cardiac arrest febrile response soreness/infection at the injection site venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection extravasation vomiting respiratory depression/arrest. 

EP3 A mediator of febrile response to pyrogens [19], duodenal bicarbonate secretion [20], suppression of allergic inflammation [21], urinary concentration [22]... 

F. Ushikubi, E. Segi, Y. Sugimoto, T. Murata, T. Matsuoka, T. Kobayashi, H. Hizaki, K. Tuboi, M. Katsuyama, A. Ichikawa, T. Tanaka, N. Yoshida, S. Narumiya, Impaired febrile response in mice lacking the prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP3, Nature 395 (1998) 281. 

Low doses of IL-ip or TNF-a have little effects on REM sleep but higher doses generally suppress this state of vigilance. Inhibition of REM sleep might be related to fever. However, the febrile response to exogenously administered cytokines can be selectively suppressed without blocking the sleep-promoting activity (82). 

In a number of cases a mild preceding illness has been observed. Thus Forfar et al. found a preceding respiratory tract infection in four out of six cases (F7). Creery noted respiratory infection in one, gastroenteritis in two, and otitis media in one, in four out of sixteen cases (C3). Lowe et al. noted a respiratory tract infection and a febrile response to vaccination as precursors in two out of their seven cases (L6). 

Cartmell T, Luheshi GN, RothweU NJ (1999) Brain sites of action of endogenous interleukin-1 in the febrile response to locaUzed inflammation in the rat. J Physiol 518 585-594... 

Li S, Ballou LR, Morham SG, Blatteis CM (2001) Cyclooxygenase-2 mediates the febrile response of mice to interleukin-ip. Brain Res 910 163-173... 

E. A. Pelura, T.J. Klein, D.H. Yaksh, T.L. Influence of perflubron emulsion particle size on blood half-life and febrile response in rats. Artif. Cells Blood Subst. Immob. Biotech. 1994, 22, 1169-1174. 

Basically, the pyrogen test involves measuring the rectal temperature of rabbits, both prior to and after the intravenous injection of a test solution in the ear veins. If the animals exhibit febrile responses that exceed established limits, the test solution is judged to be pyrogenic. Rabbits became the animal of choice because they are relatively inexpensive, are easy to handle, and have a labile thermoregulatory mechanism. Rabbits frequently produce false-positive pyrogen... 

The most common symptom of malaria is fever, although chills, headache, myalgia and nausea are frequently seen and other symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and cough occasionally appear. In all types of malaria, the periodic febrile response (fever) is caused by rupture of mature schizonts (one of the cell forms arising as part of the life cycle). In P. vivax and P. ovale malaria fever occurs every 48 hours, whereas in P. malariae, maturation occurs every 72 hours. In falciparum malaria fever may occur every 48 hours, but is usually irregular, showing no distinct periodicity. Apart... 

Animals exposed to 150 pg of subtilisin protein. m for 15 min per day for 5 consecutive days developed immediate-onset and late-onset pulmonary responses when re-exposed to the protein aerosol (Thome et al., 1986). The immediate-onset pulmonary responses were detected as significant increases in the breathing rate. The late-onset responses were also detected as significant increases in breathing rate accompanied by febrile responses. In addition, the animals possessed allergic antibody specific to subtilisin, although not every animal with antibody developed pulmonary symptoms (Hillebrand et al., 1987). Animals exposed to 8 or 41 pg of subtilisin protein, nr3 did not experience pulmonary symptoms, but did develop low levels of antibody to subtilisin. These experiments showed that immune reactivity to this occupational allergen occurred at exposure levels lower than those required for the elicitation of pulmonary responses. 

Amines - Double-blind trials were conducted with cyclooctylamine hydrochloride administered intranasally for 2 days prior to and for 7 days following nasopharyngeal challenge with 64,000 TC ID50 of influenza A2/HK. The drug was effective in reducing the severity of the disease as measured by reduced febrile responses, lower virus recovery and reduced serum antibody titer. 

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