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Fatty acids mobilisation

Figure 3.23 A sequence of processes explaining the role of glucokinase in the liver and fi-cells in regulation of the blood glucose concentration. The increase in the plasma insulin increases glucose uptake by muscle and decreases fatty acid mobilisation from adipose tissue which lowers the plasma fatty acid level which also increases glucose uptake (Chapter 12). Figure 3.23 A sequence of processes explaining the role of glucokinase in the liver and fi-cells in regulation of the blood glucose concentration. The increase in the plasma insulin increases glucose uptake by muscle and decreases fatty acid mobilisation from adipose tissue which lowers the plasma fatty acid level which also increases glucose uptake (Chapter 12).
Changes in hormone levels in starvation can extend the control provided by the cycle. The levels of glucagon and growth hormone are increased, which stimulates lipolysis, and the level of insnUn is decreased, which decreases rates of glncose nptake bnt increases lipolysis and hence fatty acid mobilisation (Fignres 16.3 and 16.4). [Pg.365]

Figure 16.8 Pattern of fuel mobitisatton and utUisatton during early starvation. This is starvation over a period of about 24 hours liver glycogen stores are nearly depleted and fatty acid mobilisation is taking place. Figure 16.8 Pattern of fuel mobitisatton and utUisatton during early starvation. This is starvation over a period of about 24 hours liver glycogen stores are nearly depleted and fatty acid mobilisation is taking place.
It seems likely that the changes in the rates of fatty acid mobilisation, ketogenesis and glnconeogenesis are coordinated by increases in the plasma levels of glncagon and... [Pg.370]

The ketone bodies are provided from fatty acids mobilised from adipose tissue. [Pg.372]

Increased fatty acid mobilisation from Catecholamines Interleukin-2... [Pg.418]

Glucagon s up, with low glucose, insulin is down in phase Fatty acids mobilised by hormone-sensitive lipase Ketone bodies, Ketone bodies, all start thus from white fat cell Where through lack of glycerol-P, TG making s down as well. [Pg.75]

Note that we have invoked lipase action several times but we have referred each time not to lipase, but to a lipase. This is because it is a different lipase each time. They all carry out the same chemical job, but they have to work in different places under different conditions - the intestinal one is a secreted enzyme working free in the intestinal juice, whereas the lipase at the surface of adipose tissue is a membrane-bound enzyme. Similarly, the lipases of adipose tissues are tailored for their separate jobs by being structured to respond to different physiological regulatory signals. Thus, the lipase involved in fatty acid mobilisation, for instance, is known as hormone-sensitive lipase . [Pg.137]

Fatty acids are released from adipose tissue into the bloodstream, from where they can be taken up and used by aerobic tissues, with the exception of brain and the intestine. In addition, an increase in the plasma fatty acid concentration is one factor that increases the rate of fatty acid oxidation by tissues. Flence, an increase in the mobilisation of fatty acid from adipose tissue is an immediate signal for tissues such as muscle, heart and kidney cortex to increase... [Pg.143]

Fatty acids require about 7% more oxygen than does carbohydrate to generate the same amount of ATP. Under circumstances where oxygen supply is limiting, for example in parts of the myocardium after an occlusion in one of the arteries, glucose is the preferred fuel and attempts are made to increase blood glucose levels and decrease mobilisation of fatty acids in this condition (see Chapter 22). [Pg.146]

Figure 8.31 Comparison of glutamine as a fuel in the blood with glucose and fatty acids. The concentration of glutamine in the blood is similar to that of fatty acid. The amount of glutamine stored in muscle is similar to the amount of glycogen stored in the liver that is, about 80 g. Mobilisation of each of these stored fuels is discussed in Chapters 6, 7, 17 and 18. It appears that glutamine is stored free in the cytosol. Polyglutamine on vesicles containing glutamine have not been found. Figure 8.31 Comparison of glutamine as a fuel in the blood with glucose and fatty acids. The concentration of glutamine in the blood is similar to that of fatty acid. The amount of glutamine stored in muscle is similar to the amount of glycogen stored in the liver that is, about 80 g. Mobilisation of each of these stored fuels is discussed in Chapters 6, 7, 17 and 18. It appears that glutamine is stored free in the cytosol. Polyglutamine on vesicles containing glutamine have not been found.
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system releases noradrenaline which stimulates mobilisation of fatty acids in adipose tissue. The latter stimulate the activity of the uncoupling protein. [Pg.205]

In the ebb phase, there is increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and increased plasma levels of adrenaline and glucocorticoids but a decreased level of insulin. This results in mobilisation of glycogen in the liver and triacylglycerol in adipose tissue, so that the levels of two major fuels in the blood, glucose and long-chain fatty acids, are increased. This is, effectively, the stress response to trauma. These changes continue and are extended into the flow phase as the immune cells are activated and secrete the proinflammatory cytokines that further stimulate the mobilisation of fuel stores (Table 18.2). Thus the sequence is trauma increased endocrine hormone levels increased immune response increased levels of cytokines metabolic responses. [Pg.418]

The increased mobilisation of fatty acids from adipose tissue raises the plasma concentration, which increases the rate of fat oxidation by muscle. It also releases some essential fatty acids from the store in the triacylglycerol in adipose tissue. These are required for formation of new membranes in proliferating cells and those involved in repairing the wound (e.g. fibroblasts) (Chapters 11 and 21 Figure 21.22). [Pg.419]

Mobilisation of triacylglycerol is due to the increased rate of lipolysis. Adipose tissue triacylglycerol contains some essential fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic acids) and these are mobilised along with the non-essential fatty acids. The... [Pg.422]

In addition to the increased mobilisation of fatty acids, there is an increase in the rates of cycling in the intra- and inter-cellular triacylglycerol/fatty acid cycles that contribute to increased energy expenditure in trauma. [Pg.423]

MacKeown, B.A., Leatherland, J.F. and John, T.M. (1975). The effect of growth hormone and prolactin on the mobilisation of free fatty acids and glucose in the kokanee salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 50B, 425-430. [Pg.292]

Takama, K., Love, R.M. and Smith, G.L. (1985). Selectivity in mobilisation of stored fatty acids by maturing cod, Gadus morhua L. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 80B, 713-718. [Pg.316]

In response to energy demands, the fatty acids of stored triacylglycerols must be mobilised for use by peripheral tissues. This release is controUed by a complex series of interrelated cascades that result in the activation of hormone-sensitive lipase. In adipocytes this stimulus can come from glucagon, adrenaline (epinephrine) or 8-corticotropin. These hormones bind cell-surface receptors that are coupled to the activation of adenyl cyclase the resultant increase in intracellular cAMP leads to activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which in turn phosphorylates and activates hormone-sensitive lipase (Figure 5.5). [Pg.96]

Figure 5.5 Hormone-induced fatty add mobilisation in adipocytes. Through hormone-induced rises in intracellular cAMP levels, phosphorylation (activation) of hormone-sensitive lipase initiates the mobilisation of fatty acids from triacylglycerol. Figure 5.5 Hormone-induced fatty add mobilisation in adipocytes. Through hormone-induced rises in intracellular cAMP levels, phosphorylation (activation) of hormone-sensitive lipase initiates the mobilisation of fatty acids from triacylglycerol.
If there is a need to mobilise these fat reserves, then an intracellular lipase is activated and puts out free fatty acids into the blood. Once again there is a solubility problem, and these fatty acids are transported by carrier proteins in the albumin ... [Pg.137]

The fed state is also an opportunity to lay down storage triglycerides in adipose tissue. Insulin therefore switches on lipoprotein lipase, which downloads fatty acids from chylomicrons it switches on the enzymes that resynthesise triglyceride inside the adipocytes it switches off hormone-sensitive lipase, the one that releases fatty acids into the blood when the stores are mobilised. [Pg.239]

Lipolysis Mobilisation of fatty acids and glycerol by hydrolysis of triglyceride. [Pg.331]

During fasting or starvation, the catabohc hormones glucagon and cortisol are secreted from the a-ceUs of the pancreas and the adrenal cortex, respectively. In response to severe stress or danger, adrenaline is secreted by the adrenal medulla. These hormones stimulate hormone-sensitive lipase that mobilises fatty acids and glycerol from white adipose tissue. [Pg.77]

Mobilisation of fatty acids from adipose tissue... [Pg.88]


See other pages where Fatty acids mobilisation is mentioned: [Pg.147]    [Pg.254]    [Pg.267]    [Pg.365]    [Pg.257]    [Pg.147]    [Pg.254]    [Pg.267]    [Pg.365]    [Pg.257]    [Pg.257]    [Pg.264]    [Pg.305]    [Pg.368]    [Pg.402]    [Pg.418]    [Pg.419]    [Pg.527]    [Pg.32]    [Pg.145]    [Pg.241]    [Pg.60]    [Pg.63]    [Pg.98]    [Pg.103]    [Pg.104]    [Pg.110]    [Pg.77]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.76 , Pg.77 ]




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Adipose tissue fatty acid mobilisation

Mobilisation

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