Mobilisation

Lower cost for site preparation, lower day rates, lower mobilisation and demobilisation costs... 

Subsea production systems provide for large savings in manpower as they are unmanned facilities. However, these systems can be subject to very high opex from the well servicing and subsea intervention point of view as expensive vessels have to be mobilised to perform the work. As subsea systems become more reliable this opex will be reduced. 

Miscible fluid displacement is a process in which a fluid, which is miscible with oil at reservoir temperature and pressure conditions, is injected into a reservoir to displace oil. The miscible fluid (an oil-soluble gas or liquid) allows trapped oil to dissolve in it, and the oil is therefore mobilised. 

Expectorants enhance the production of respiratory tract fluid and thus faciUtate the mobilisation and discharge of bronchial secretions. Historically, expectorants have been divided iato two classes based on specific mechanisms of action. Stimulant expectorants iacrease respiratory tract secretion by a direct effect on the bronchial secretory cells. Sedative expectorants act by gastric reflex stimulation. Many compounds classed as expectorants have been iaadequately studied and the mechanisms of action are not known with certainty. 

It is already evident that the turnover rate of a transmitter is only a crude measure of its release rate. Further limitations are that there is appreciable intraneuronal metabolism of some neurotransmitters notably, the monoamines. In such cases, turnover will overestimate release rate. Another problem, again affecting monoamines, is that some of the released neurotransmitter is taken back into the nerve terminals and recycled. This leads to an underestimate of release rate. Despite these drawbacks, studies of turnover rates uncovered some important features of transmitter release. In particular, they provided the first evidence for distinct functional pools of monoamines, acetylcholine and possibly other neurotransmitters a release pool, which could be rapidly mobilised for release, and a storage or reserve pool which had a slower turnover rate. 

Complete C-fibre inhibitions can be produced under normal conditions but opiates do not always produce a complete analgesia in some clinical situations, especially when the pain arises from nerve damage. Reasons for this are suspected to be excessive NMDA-mediated activity which is hard to inhibit and the mobilisation of cholecysto-kinin in the spinal cord which can act as a physiological antagonist of opiate actions. The idea that pre-emptive analgesia aids post-operative pain relief by preventing the pain-induced activation of these systems is becoming popular. 

MARRS B L (1981) Mobilisation of the genes for photosynthesis from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata by a promiscuous plasmid , J Bacterial, 140, 1003-12. 

Doku, G. N., Haswell, S. J., McCreedy, T, Greenway, G. M., Electric field-induced mobilisation of multiphase solution systems based on the nitration of benzene in a micro reactor. Analyst 126 (2001) 14-20. 

Biemond, P., Swaak, A.J.G., BiendorfF, C.M., and Kostner, J.F. (1986). Superoxide-dependent and independent mechanisms of iron mobilisation from ferritin by xanthine oxidase. Biochem. J. 239, 169-173. 

Wandall, J.H. and Binder, V. (1982a). Leucocyte function in Crohn s disease. Studies on mobilisation using a quantitative skin window technique and on the function of circulating polymorphonuclear leucocytes in vitro. Gut 23, 173-180. 

F. Zhang, V. Rdmheld, and H. Marschner, Relea.se of zinc mobilising root exudates in different plant species as affected by zinc nutritional status. J. Plant Nutr. 14 675 (1991). 

T. S. Gahoonia, N. Claassen, and A. Jungk, Mobilisation of phosphate in different soils by ryegrass supplied with ammonium or nitrate. Plant and Soil 740 241 (1992). 

Treeby M., Marschner H., Romheld V. Mobilisation of iron and other micronutrient cations from a calcareous soil by plant borne, microbial and synthetic chelators. Plant Soil 1989 114 217-226. 

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