Fatty acid hydroxylase cytochrome

An example of the use of isolated enzymes is the work on directed evolution by random mutagenesis of the fatty acid hydroxylase cytochrome P450 BM-3 by the group of Arnold [254] (Table 1.10). The target reaction was the enantioselective... 

Lee DS, Yamada A, Matsunaga I, Ichihara K, Ada-chi S, Park SY, Shiro Y (2002) Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of fatty-acid hydroxylase cytochrome P450BS beta from Bacillus subtilis. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 58 687-689... 

The origin of ricinoleic acid, an abundant constitu-tuent of castor beans, is also shown in Fig. 21-2. It is formed by an oleate hydroxylase that has an amino acid sequence similar to those of oleate desaturases.113 Both hydroxylation and desaturation are reactions catalyzed by diiron centers.114 Other fatty acid hydroxylases act on the alpha115 and the omega positions. The latter are members of the cytochrome P450 family.116 117... 

Tijet, N., Pinot, F., Benveniste, I., Le, B.R., Helvig, C., Batard, Y., Cabello-Huartado, F., Werck- Reichhart, D., Salaun, J.P., and Durst, F., Plant Cytochrome P450-Dependent Fatty Acid Hydroxylase Genes and Their Expression in Yeast for Manufacture of Hydroxylated Fatty Acids, WO Patent 9918224, 1999. 

Matson, R. S., Stein, R. A., and Fulco, A. J. 1980. Hydroxylation of 9-Hydroxystearate by a Soluble Cytochrome-P-450-Dependent Fatty-Acid Hydroxylase from Bacillus megaterium. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 97, 955-961. 

Sevrioukova, I., Truan, G., and Peterson, J. A. 1997. Reconstitution of the fatty acid hydroxylase activity of cytochrome P450BM-3 utilizing its functional domains. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 340, 231-238. 

Hoch U, Ortiz De Montellano PR. Covalently linked heme in cytochrome P4504A fatty acid hydroxylases. J. Biol. Chem. 2001 276 11339-11346. 

Nakayama, N., A. Takemae, and H. Shoun (1996). Cytochrome P450foxy, a catalytically self-sufficient fatty acid hydroxylase of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 119, 435-440. 

Girhard M, Schuster S, Dietrich M, Diirre P, Ur-lacher VB (2007) Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase from Clostridium acetobutylicum a new a-fatty acid hydroxylase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 362 114-119... 

Kandel S, Sauveplane V, Olry A, Diss L, Benveniste 1, Pinot F (2006) Cytochrome P450-dependent fatty acid hydroxylases in plants. Phytochem Rev 5 359-372... 

Sawamura A, Kusunose E, Satouchi K, et al. Catalytic properties of rabbit kidney fatty acid omega-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450ka2 (CYP4A7). Biochim Biophys Acta 1993 1168(1 ) 30-36. 

Hydroxylases with properties similar to those of cytochrome P450 but containing nonheme iron catalyze co-oxidation of alkanes and fatty acids in certain bacteria, e.g., Pseudomonas oleovarans. A flavoprotein rubredoxin reductase, is also required.501 The methylotrophs Methylococcus and Methylosinus hydroxylate methane using as cosubstrate NADH or NADPH (Eq. 18-59). A soluble complex consists of 38-kDa reductase containing FAD and an Fe2S2... 

These screens have been used to direct the evolution of cytochrome P450 BM-3, a soluble enzyme from Bacillus megaterium that contains its reductase and hydroxylase domains on a single polypeptide chain. P450 BM-3 primarily catalyzes the hydroxylation of fatty acids ( 12 to 18 carbons long) at the a>-1, a>-2, and m-3 positions, but also... 

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