Hellebore, false

With the present major emphasis on the preparation and testing of a seemingly endless number of synthetic organic compounds for pesticidal activity and the clamor over their possible adverse effects on public health and our general environment, comparatively few people realize that certain natural insecticides have been used by man for centuries. The ancient Romans apparently utilized false hellebore as a rodenticide and insecticide (13), and preparations of Tripterygium ivilfordii (thunder-god vine) and Derris species have been employed by the Chinese for hundreds of years as insecticides (16). The insecticidal properties of sabadilla (from Schoenocaulon species) were known in the sixteenth century tobacco was in use as... 

You can also prepare your own plant extract, as in the reference below. Use a plant species that herbivores avoid snch as spurges Euphorbia spp.) or false hellebore Veratrum viride). Separate plant parts such as leaves, stems, and roots. Grind plant parts separately with ethyl acetate in a blender. (In onr work, we extracted 60 g of roots of Euphorbia lathyris with 2(X)-ml ethyl acetate. For about 300 g plant tops we used 400-nil ethyl acetate.) Filter the extract, discard the plant tissue. 

Adonis vernalis False hellebore, pheasant s eye Adonitoxin, strophanthidin ... 

Veratrum (false hellebore) Xerophyllum (bear grass) Zephyranthes (zephyr lily)... 

Several species of false hellebore ( Vera-trum spp.) contain highly poisonous alkaloids with insecticidal properties. Harvested and dried, the powdered roots of these lily like plants yield an insecticide that poisons chewing insects. 

Protection Offered False hellebore controls garden insects with chewing mouthparts... 

Precautions Once prepared, false hellebore loses its effectiveness quickly when exposed to air and sunlight. Store it in a cool, dry place to retain its potency. False hellebore was once used to make poison arrows—keep this in mind and use extreme caution when working with hellebore it is highly toxic if ingested. 

How to Use You can grow your own false hellebore and collect the roots for drying and grinding into powder, but be aware of its toxicity. To make a spray for controlling insect pests on garden plants, mix 1 ounce with 2 gallons of water. Or, mix the powder with flour or hydrated lime to make an insecticidal dust. Since it loses effectiveness quickly, repeated applications may be necessary. 

Elm bark beetles, 244-45, 244, 288, False hellebore, as pesticide, 472 Petunia and, 179... 

Grasshoppers, 294,294 false hellebore for, 472 lawns and, 135 protozoan pathogen for, 462 Gray mold... 

BTK for. 459 cabbage and. 53,. 56 Calendula and, 56 garlic oil for, 473 sticky board traps for, 438 Imported currantworms currant and, 86 false hellebore for, 472 goosebcri and, 108 Infectious diseases. See also Pathogens... 

Common Names False Hellebore, Hellebore Poke Poison Jervine Dosage i/.4oz(iiG) Root, 7-io/.9oz(25G) Young Shoots... 

Veratrum califomicum, commonly loiown as false hellebore or com lily, is a coarse, weedy plant that thrives between 6500-7000 feet of elevation and is avoided by most livestock, but not sheep [28]. The numerous erect stems of the plant are connected to each other by underground stems or rhizomes. Some of the stems bear open clusters (panicles) of dull greenish-white flowers. Fig. (3), whereas others end in a somewhat smaller leaf. The latter. Fig. (4), are a fascinating botanical curiosity. Each leaf blade is supported by a sheath that encircles the... 

OCN American white hellebore false hellebore Indian poke... 

Saffron genus Colchicum (Colchicum L.) produces colchicines. Metacolchicine is in Sandersonia aurantiaca and other colchicines in meadow saffron (Colchicum autumnale L.). Stereoidal alkaloids in the Liliaceae family are found in the Hellebore genus (Veratrum Bemch.). Jervine, cyclo-pamine (Figure 1.18), cycloposine, protoveratrine A, and protoveratrine B yield Veratrum album. Veramadines A and B are reported to be found in Veratratum mackii var. japonicum. O-Acetyljervine has been reported in the false hellebore (Veratrum lobelianum Bemch.). Steroidal alkaloids... 

Stilbenes originate from the same biosynthetic precursors as flavonoids, but have a different structure, since the polyketide portion undergoes a different type of cyclization including loss of one carbon by decarboxylation. Stilbenes occur in several umelated plants such as peanut (Arachis hypogaea), grapevine (Vitis vinifera), rhubarb (Rheum), false hellebores (Veratrum) and pine (Pinus) species. These compounds have antifungal properties. They are induced upon stress, injury, and fungal infection and can therefore be classified as phytoalexins. 

Prolonged gestation Aaemonium coenophiatum endophyte infection of fescue pa iaes V atTum caJlfonvasn (false hellebore)... 

Ventrum califomicum (false hellebore), which contains the alkaloids jervine and cyclopamine, causes craniofacial malfortnafions in sheep. 

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