Activity pesticide

Ticks and fleas tend to concentrate in or migrate through the neck area of the animal. As they do this, they contact the active pesticide on or released by the collar and are killed. Powder-producing collars have an advantage over vaporous ones in that by the movement of the dog or cat, the powder crystals (bloom) are rubbed or wiped onto the fur, which expands the contact area allowing it to continue to control the ticks and fleas [20]. 

McCormick, C.L. and D.K. Lichatowich, "Homogeneous Solution Reactions of Cellulose, Chitin, and Other Polysaccharides to Produce Controlled Activity Pesticide Systems," submitted... 

The active pesticide chemical is often less that 1% of the material applied these estimates do not include chemicals used to dissolve or carry the active pesticide chemical. Determining the amount used is difficult because there is no national requirement to report pesticide use. Commercial agriculture uses approximately 60%... 

Mixing/loading is mixing the active pesticide ingredient with other substances, such as water, and/or loading the pesticide into application equipment. 

The first chapter of the book is an overview of the most active pesticide formulation research areas, including comments on topics not covered in the symposium because of time limitations. The subsequent chapters deal in depth with the main topics (Flowables, Computer Applications, and Controlled Release Formulations) and general topics. 1 feel this book fulfills a very important need—the enhancement of communication among pesticide formulators and between pesticide formulators and the rest of the pesticide community. 

Closed system Mixing the active pesticide ingredient or its formulation with other substances such as water in a closed container as opposed to an open environment and/or loading the pesticide (mixture) into application equipment in a closed environment (such as pumping the pesticide from one closed container to another) (Sielken, Ch. 8). 

Mannich bases and derivatives used as pesticides cover three essentially dilTerent fields, namely, insecticides and iasect repcUants, which act against noxious insects fungicides and virucidcs, which arc frequently employed as agrochemicals and herbicides. As in the case of pharmaceuticals, almost all classes of bases arc represented, in some instances as precursors of the active pesticide molecule (Fig. 5, Chap. I). Mannich bases of type X—CH2—N< (X 5 C) arc mainly used (Table 45), probably due to their high reactivity, which makes these derivatives suitable to interact with the metabolic mechanisms of the species to be destroyed. 

Ehntholt, D. J., Bodek, 1., Doerfler, T. E., Schwope, A. D., StoUd, T. J. and J. Valentine, Permeation Resistance of Polymer Glove Materials to Various Strengths of Active Pesticide Ingredients and Carrier Solvents, Draft Internal Report, EPA Offfice of Research and Development Contract No. 68-03-3293, Cincinnati, (1989). 

M.R. Berenbaum (1987). Charge of the light brigade phototoxicity as defense against insects. In J.R. Heitz, K.R. Downum (Eds), Light-activated Pesticides (pp. 206-216). American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. 

The Clean Water Act lays the basis for technology based effluent standards of conventional pollutants such as Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), fecal coliform, oil and grease, pH, toxic pollutants, and non-conventional pollutants such as active pesticides, ingredients used in the pesticide manufacturing industry, etc. 

The introduction of new molecules which may replace older, less-active pesticides, and may additionally be applied at much lower rates per hectare (Figure 2.5). 

In general, the N-substituted derivatives of carbamic acid are unstable compounds, especially under alkaline conditions, their decomposition results in the formation of an alcohol or phenol, ammonia, amines and carbon dioxide. These salts and esters of N-substituted carbamic acid are more stable, this enhanced stability is the basis for their use as biologically active pesticides. 

FQPA requires that EPA apply a lOX factor to account for added sensitivity of infam.s and children unless there are sufficient data to reduce this factor. This factor is called the FQPA lOX factor for the protection of infants and children. In single-chemical risk assessments, EPA-OPP evaluates the adequacy of the toxicology database for evaluating potential sensitivity in infants or children on a chemical-by-chemical basis, EPA publi.shcd a data-call in notice (DC ) requiring developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) studies for each of the OPs with active pesticide regi,straiions. In addition to the DNT study, a companion... 

It has been reported in newsletters that EPA plans to remove at least 114 chemicals, including the soluble silicates, from active pesticidal ingredient status, but no official action has as yet been taken. 

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