Facultatively anaerobic bacterium

A facultative anaerobic bacterium isolated from a stream sediment utilized atrazine as a carbon and nutrient source. Microbial growth was observed but no degradation products were isolated. At 30 °C, the half-life was estimated to be 7 d (Jessee et ah, 1983). 

Jessee, J.A., Benoit, R.E., Hendricks, A.C., Allen, G.C., and Neal, J.L. Anaerobic degradation of cyanuric acid, cysteine, and atrazine by a facultative anaerobic bacterium, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 45 97-102, 1983. 

The marine facultative anaerobe bacterium Serratia marinoruhm and the yeast Rhodotoruhi rubra both methylate arsenate ion to methylarsonate, but only the latter produces cacodylic acid (258). Human volunteers who ingested 500 fig doses of As as sodium arsenite, sodium methylarsonate, and sodium cacodylate excreted these compounds in their urine (259). Of these three, approximately 75% of the sodium arsenite is methylated, while 13% of methylarsonate is methylated. Rat liver subcellular fractions methylated sodium arsenate in vitro, providing the first direct evidence for possible mammalian methylation independent of symbiotic bacteria (260). Shariatpanahi el al. have reported kinetics studies on arsenic biotransformation by five species of bacteria (261). They found that the As(V)-As(IIl) reduction followed a pattern of two parallel first-order reactions, while the methylation reactions all followed first-order kinetics. Of the five species tested, only the Pseudomonas produced all four metabolites (arsenite, methylarsonate, cacodylate, trimethylarsine) (261). 

Finneran, K., Johnsen, C., Lovley, D. (2003). Rhodoferax ferrireducens sp. nov., a psy-chrotolerant, facultatively anaerobic bacterium that oxidizes acetate with the reduction of Fe(III). Int. J. Systematic Evolutionary Microbiology 53,669-673. 

Conform bacterium Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacterium that ferments lactose and produces acid and gas, significant numbers may indicate water pollution. 

Aeromonas hydrophila is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacterium known to cause motile aeromonad septicaemia (MAS) in freshwater fish farming. It is also considered a human pathogen. The major adhesin of A. hydrophila, a 43 kDa outer membrane protein, was cloned and expressed by Fang et al. (2004). The molecule was used in a vaccine for the blue... 

Facultative anaerobe A bacterium capable of growing under aerobic conditions or anaerobic conditions in the presence of an inorganic ion ie. SO4, NO3. 

It is a facultative anaerobic, gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium propelled by long, rapidly rotating flagella. It is part of the common bacterium that normally inhabits... 

It is an aerobic and facultatively anaerobic, gram-negative, motile, nonsporing, rod-shaped bacterium. It can survive outside a host on the skin for up to 20 min, in dust for up to 30 days, and in feces for up to 62 days. Does not naturally occur in animals. This is a biosafety level 2 agent. 

Some prokaryotes are anaerobic heterotrophs. These include the denitrifiers, sulfate reducers, and fermenters, as well as the bacteria capable of reducing metals, such as Fe(lll) to Fe(II) and Mn(lV) to Mn(II). Because the oxidized metals are present as solids, e.g., FeOOH(s), Fe203(s), and Mn02(s), these bacteria must be in direct contact with the mineral surface and have a mechanism for transferring electrons across their cell membranes. One bacterium that appears to have such a mechanism is the facultative anaerobe Shewanella oneidensis, which produces a specific protein on its outer membrane only under anaerobic conditions when it is in direct contact with a suitable... 

Gottschalk J. and Szwezyk R. (1985) Growth of a facultative anaerobe under oxygen-limiting conditions in pure culture and in co-culture with a sulfate-reducing bacterium. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 31, 159—170. 

There are two reports on partially characterised vanadium-containing, molybdenum-free nitrate reductases, isolated from the bacteria Thioalkalivibrio nitratireducens and Pseudomonas isachenkoviiV T. nitratireducens is a facultative anaerobic, alkali- and halophilic bacterium living in soda lakes. Its nitrate reductase has a molecular mass of... 

S042-, so S accumulates. This S can be oxidized to S042- by Thiobacillus denitrificans, a chemosynthet-ic bacterium that is unusual for Thiobacillus species in being a facultative anaerobe (a nitrate reducer). The S can also be reduced to S2 for example, by Desuifuromonas acetoxidans, which lives in syn-trophic association with Chlorobium (Kuenen et al. 1985). 

The objective of this work was to study the demethylation of WEAX ester-linked ferulic acid in order to produce caffeic acid ester-linked onto WEAX, possibly oxidable into quinone and able to link an amino acid of a protein in a second step. To our knowledge, if free ferulic acid can be O-demethylated intact by some microorganisms,10 16 no microbial O-demethylation of linked methoxylated compounds has been reported in the literature. Three anaerobic bacteria (Acetobacterium woodi, Clostridium methoxybenzovorans and Eubac-terium callanderi) and one facultative aerobic bacterium (Enterobacter cloacae) have been chosen in different phylogenetic groups for their ability to O-demethylate free ferulic acid.10-13... 

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