Shewanella oneidensis

Carpentier W, K Sandra, I De Smet, A Brige J Van Beeuman (2003) Microbial reduction and precipitation of vanadium by Shewanella oneidensis. Appl Environ Microbiol 69 3636-3639. 

Carpentier W, L De Smet, J Van Beeuman, A Brige (2005) Respiration and growth of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 using vanadate as the sole electron acceptor. J Bacterial 187 3293-3301. 

Klonowska A, T Heulin, A Vermeglio (2005) Selenite and tellurite reduction by Shewanella oneidensis. Appl Environ Microbiol 71 5607-5609. 

Zhang H,Tang X, Munske GR, et al. In vivo identification of the outer membrane protein OmcA-MtrC interaction network in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 cells using novel hydrophobic chemical cross-linkers. J. Proteome Res. 2008 7 1712-1720. 

Venkateswaran K, Moser DP, DoUhopf ME, et al. 1999. Polyphasic taxonomy of the genus Shewanella and description of Shewanella oneidensis sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49 704-24. 

Some prokaryotes are anaerobic heterotrophs. These include the denitrifiers, sulfate reducers, and fermenters, as well as the bacteria capable of reducing metals, such as Fe(lll) to Fe(II) and Mn(lV) to Mn(II). Because the oxidized metals are present as solids, e.g., FeOOH(s), Fe203(s), and Mn02(s), these bacteria must be in direct contact with the mineral surface and have a mechanism for transferring electrons across their cell membranes. One bacterium that appears to have such a mechanism is the facultative anaerobe Shewanella oneidensis, which produces a specific protein on its outer membrane only under anaerobic conditions when it is in direct contact with a suitable... 

Recently, it was demonstrated in a diamond anvil cell that Shewanella oneidensis and Escherichia coli strains remain physiologically and metabol-ically active at pressures of 680 to 16,800 bars for up to 30 h (Sharma et al. 2002). At pressures of 12,000 to 16,000 bars, living bacteria resided in fluid inclusions in Ice VI crystals and continued to be viable when pressure returned to 1 bar. However, only 1% remained alive whether this constitutes viability or survival under pressure is contentious (Couzin 2002). Nevertheless, it demonstrates that pressure may not be much of an impediment for some life forms, and that even the deep ocean of Ganymede might be suitable for life. 

Vinogradov, E., Korenevsky, A., Beveridge, T.J. The structure of the rough-type lipooligosaccharide from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, containing 8-amino-8-deoxy-Kdo and an open-chain form of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose. Carbohydr Res 338 (2003) 1991-1997. 

Shewanella oneidensis (formerly S. putrefaciens) produced and deposited an unidentified iron mineral intracellularly (Glasauer et al., 2002). Intracellular deposits of magnetite were previously known only from magnetotactic bacteria and a few higher organisms (Bazylinski and Moskowitz, 1997). 

Figure 21 Relationship of Fe(III)-reducing bacteria activity and growth to oxide surface area, (a) Percent Fe(III) reduced as a function of oxide surface area. Surface area corresponded to different mineral types and included hematite, goethite, and ferrihydrite. (b) The density of Shewanella oneidensis cells as a function of the amount of structural Fe(III) reduction to Fe(It) in smectite clay, a strongly crystalline, high-surface-area Fe mineral. Differences in Fe(II) content reflect different amounts of clay particles inoculated into a minimal basal media (after Roden and Zachara, 1996 and Kostka et al, 2002a, respectively).

Reduction of particle size also contributes to a shorter analysis time. In that respect, recent developments in ultra-performance RPLC, featuring a commercially available system for LC with 1.7-pm particles, are of great interest [71]. RPLC-MS with 0.8-pm particles was investigated by Shen et al. [72]. The results demonstrate the compromise between chromatographic resolution and analysis time in 50 min 1000 proteins of Shewanella oneidensis could be identified from --4000 peptides, in 20 min 550 proteins from -1800 peptides, or in 8 min -250 proteins from -700 peptides. 

Alternatively, high-speed RPLC was reported by means of a short 50-pm-lD column packed with 0.8-pm porous Cig-modified silica particles in combination with TOF (0.2-s acquisition) orFT-ICR-MS (0.3-0.6 s acquisition) [56]. Applications in proteome mining of Shewanella oneidensis were shown 600 proteins were identified from 2000 peptides within 3 min. 

FIGURE 7.4 F roposed models depicting electron transfer pathways for Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (a) and Geobacter sulfurreducens (b) during dissimilatory reduction of solid metal (hydr)oxides. (From Shi, Squier, Zachara i4 Fredrickson, 2007.)... 

Vanadium minerals are essentially formed in the course of geological processes. An epigenic formation of specific minerals is, however, conceivable certain bacteria, such as Pseudomonas vanadiumreductans and Shewanella oneidensis (Figure 1.3), can use vanadate(V) as an external electron acceptor, reducing vanadate(V) to vanadium(IV) [and perhaps even further to vanadium(III)], and thus producing sherwoodite-like inorganic... 

Scanning electron microscopy images of the soil bacterium Shewanella oneidensis (strain MR-1). The picture on the right shows the bacterium on haematite (Pe203). 

The idea of vanadate (and vanadyl, the first reduction product of vanadium after vanadate had entered the ascidian) acting as electron acceptors is an attractive view in the light of vanadate actually being a primary electron acceptor for the bacterium Shewanella oneidensis (Section 4.5). 

Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 (soluble granular brown precipitate) Lactate, formate 137-139... 

Adaptability of Shewanella oneidensis MRl and Escherichia coli in these experiments indicates that microorganisms can continue to metabolize substrate at pressures far beyond those previously reported [34, 35,41], Although an evolutionary component to the adaptation of microbial communities to temperature and salinity is well known [71], whether there might be any evolutionary component for pressure adaptation is still in question. Shewanella MRl belongs to a genus that contains a number of piezophiles however, E. coli clearly does not. Despite this, there is evidence that exposure of E. coli to pressures up to 800 MPa selects a population of cells less sensitive to pressure inactivation [71]. Furthermore, it is well known that the increase in pressure tolerance is also associated with heat tolerance [71]. 

These experiments pointed out that respiratory reduction of As(V) sorbed to solid phases can indeed occur in nature, but its extent and the degree of mobilization of the As(III) product is constrained by the type of minerals present in a given system. What remains unclear is whether micro-organisms can actually reduce As(V) while it is attached to the mineral surface, or if they attack a mono-layer of aqueous As(V) that is in equilibrium with the As(V) adsorbed onto the surface layer. If, as is the case for dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria such as Geobacter sulfurreducens and Shewanella oneidensis (44,45), components of the electron transport chain are localized to the outer-membrane of some arsenate-respiring bacteria, direct reductive dissolution of insoluble arsenate minerals may be possible by attached bacteria. Too little is known at present about the topology... 

Different bacterial species, including Shewanella oneidensis, Desulfovibrio desul-furicans, and Bacillus sphaericus, may produce or be used to produce Pd(0) nanoparticles (88, 101, 102). The Pd(0) nanoparticles obtained by these processes have been shown to reductively dehalogenate PCBs, and may prove to be a useful tool for removing large PCB contaminations (101). 

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