Factors water content

This process has been used to make nanosized material by either chemical reduction of metallic ions or coprecipitation reactions. These various factors (water content, intermicellar potentials) control the size of the particles. 

Aflatoxki B (1) is of greatest occurrence ki nature, followed by G, B2, and G2. Water content of medium, temperature, pH, and tight are among those environmental factors that affect aflatoxki production. 

The quahty of sulfonic acids produced as iatermediates on an iadustrial scale is important to detergent manufacturers. Parameters such as color, water, free oil (unsulfonated material), and acid value (actual sulfonic acid) are all factors that determine the quaUty of a sulfonic acid. The quaUty of the feedstock prior to sulfonation, such as iodine value, water content, and sulfonatabiUty, affects the quaUty of the sulfonic acid produced. Sulfonation conditions, such as temperature, molar ratio, rate, etc, also affect the quaUty of sulfonic acid. 

The water-vapor transmission rate (WVTR) is another descriptor of barrier polymers. Strictly, it is not a permeabihty coefficient. The dimensions are quantity times thickness in the numerator and area times a time interval in the denominator. These dimensions do not have a pressure dimension in the denominator as does the permeabihty. Common commercial units for WVTR are (gmil)/(100 in. d). Table 2 contains conversion factors for several common units for WVTR. This text uses the preferred nmol/(m-s). The WVTR describes the rate that water molecules move through a film when one side has a humid environment and the other side is dry. The WVTR is a strong function of temperature because both the water content of the air and the permeabihty are direcdy related to temperature. Eor the WVTR to be useful, the water-vapor pressure difference for the value must be reported. Both these facts are recognized by specifying the relative humidity and temperature for the WVTR value. This enables the user to calculate the water-vapor pressure difference. Eor example, the common conditions are 90% relative humidity (rh) at 37.8°C, which means the pressure difference is 5.89 kPa (44 mm Hg). 

The required desiccant weight is a function of several factors the water removal requirements (mass/time), the cycle time, the equiUbrium loading of water on the desiccant at the feed conditions, the residual water loading on the desiccant after regeneration, and the size of the mass-transfer zone of the desiccant bed. These factors, in turn, depend on the flow rate, temperature, pressure, and water content of both the fluid being dried and the regeneration fluid (see Adsorption, gas separation). 

Thus damage locations, although usually widespread, are dependent on many factors. Metallurgy, deposition, design, temperature, pH, water content, dissolved-ion concentration, flow, and other factors all influence attack. 

The most obvious indication of a glycol dehydration malfunction is a high water content or dew point of the outgoing sales gas stream. In most cases, this is caused by an inadequate glycol circulation rate or by an insufficient reconcentration of the glycol. These two factors can be caused by a variety of contributing problems listed below. 

Lipases have also been used as initiators for the polymerization of lactones such as /3-bu tyro lac tone, <5-valerolactone, e-caprolactone, and macrolides.341,352-357 In this case, the key step is the reaction of lactone with die serine residue at the catalytically active site to form an acyl-enzyme hydroxy-terminated activated intermediate. This intermediate then reacts with the terminal hydroxyl group of a n-mer chain to produce an (n + i)-mer.325,355,358,359 Enzymatic lactone polymerization follows a conventional Michaelis-Menten enzymatic kinetics353 and presents a controlled character, without termination and chain transfer,355 although more or less controlled factors, such as water content of the enzyme, may affect polymerization rate and the nature of endgroups.360... 

The cost/performance factor of individual surfactants will always be considered in determining which surfactants are blended in a mixed active formulation. However, with the recent advent of compact powders and concentrated liquids, other factors, such as processing, density, powder flowability, water content, stabilization of additives, dispersibility in nonaqueous solvents, dispersion of builders, and liquid crystalline phase behavior, have become important in determining the selection of individual surfactants. 

In many cases, where one is concerned with the effects of specific environmental factors it is appropriate to replace the general term stress by the appropriate quantitative measure (e.g. soil water content or water potential) together with an appropriate measure of the plant response (e.g. growth rate). 

Recent publications on the thermal stability of proteins organized in dense solid films, deposited by LB (Nicolini et al. 1993, Facci et al. 1994, Erokhin et al. 1995) and by self-assembling (Shen et al. 1993), leave several questions unanswered, hi particular, it is still not completely clear which parameter is responsible for this phenomenon. Two main factors are discussed when speaking about induced thermal stabihty, namely, decreased water content and molecular close packing (Nicolini et al. 1993). It seems that both of them work in parallel, and unfortunately it is difficult to settle directly which one plays the dominant role. 

The total wet deposition flux consists of 2 contributory factors. The first derives from the continuous transfer of Hg to cloud water, described by chemistry models. There are 2 limiting factors 1) the uptake of gas phase Hg(0), which is regulated by the Hemy s corrstant and 2) the subsequent oxidation of Hg(0) to Hg(ll), which is governed by reaction rate constants and the irritial concentratiorrs of the oxidant species. The total flirx depends on the hquid water content of the cloud and the percentage of the droplets in the cloud that reach the Earth s surface. 

Highly diluted honey is unlikely a realistic adulteration practice. Honey water content can naturally be lower than 13.6% or higher than 23% based on the source of the honey, climate conditions, and other factors. Fermentation does not usually become a problem in honeys if water content is less than 18%. 

Yang and Russell [7] made comparison of lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis in three different systems organic, biphasic, and reversed micelles. They affirmed that water content is an important factor that distinctly affects every system. Their results demonstrated that activity of lipase in organic-aqueous biphasic media was lower than that obtained in reversed micelles. However, better productivities were obtained in biphasic media, which were the most suitable environment. 

Factors affecting the mix of active ingredients and excipients should be discussed. These should include particle size and shape, rugosity, charge, flow properties, and water content. Since the dose delivery for these products is dependent on air flow characteristics, an attempt should be made to establish an in vivo-in vitro correlation. 

The fifth factor is the water content of the soil. Electroosmotic flow is promoted at higher water contents. Therefore, high moisture content, and in particular saturated conditions are favored. However, the technique can be used in partially saturated deposits by supplying a pore fluid at... 

Most gasoline constituents are volatile organics. Volatilization depends on the potential volatility of the compounds and on the soil and environmental conditions, which modify the vapor pressure of the chemicals. Factors affecting volatility are water content, clay content, surface area, temperature, surface wind speed, evaporation rate, and precipitation. 

Numerous factors control AET and thus control the hydrologic performance of an ET cover. Soil-water content, rate of root growth, and total root mass strongly affect the rate of AET. AET is also affected by whether wet soil is available in surface soil layers, deeper in the profile, or in... 

A predictable delivery rate independent of environmental factors such as viscosity, pH, water content, and stirring rate (i.e., GI motility) Controllable release rates during the delivery period Delivery characteristics independent of the properties of the drug (e.g., aqueous solubility)... 

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