Factors influencing application

Technical requirements Sound engineering practice, essential requirements tarticle 3t The directive includes a particular technical requirement with respect to equipment which presents only a minor pressure hazard. For such equipment the essential requirements and the certification procedures are not applicable. Instead the so-called sound engineering practice of one of the Member States must be applied. That practice must ensure that design and manufacture takes into account all relevant factors influencing safety during the intended lifetime. The equipment must be accompanied with adequate instruetions for use and must bear the identification of the manufacturer. The CE-marking shall not be applied for such equipment. 

In Ugi four-component reactions (for mechanism, see Section 1.4.4.1.) all four components may potentially serve as the stereodifferentiating tool65. However, neither the isocyanide component nor the carboxylic acid have pronounced effects on the overall stereodiscrimination60 66. As a consequence, the factors influencing the stereochemical course of Ugi reactions arc similar to those in Strecker syntheses. The use of chiral aldehydes is commonly found in substrate-controlled syntheses whereas the asymmetric synthesis of new enantiomerically pure compounds via Ugi s method is restricted to the application of optically active amines as the chiral auxiliary group. 

One of the first applications of the HPLC method was the investigation of differences in toxin profiles between shellfish species from various localities ( ). It became apparent immediately that there were vast differences in these toxin profiles even among shellfish from the same beach. There were subtle differences between the various shellfish species, and butter clams had a completely different suite of toxins than the other clams and mussels. It was presumed that all of the shellfish fed on the same dinoflagellate population, so there must have been other factors influencing toxin profiles such as differences in toxin uptake, release, or metabolism. These presumptions were strengthened when toxin profiles in the littleneck clam (Prototheca Staminea) were examined. It was found that, in this species, none of the toxin peaks in the HPLC chromatogram had retention times that matched the normal PSP toxins. It was evident that some alteration in toxin structure had occurred that was unique in this particular shellfish species. 

K Dickersin, YI Min, CL Meinert. Factors influencing publication of research results. Follow-up of applications submitted to two institutional review boards. JAMA 267 374-378, 1992. 

With this number of factors influencing the development of the map, it is not possible to specify precisely what their values should be in all cases. The most suitable values will depend on how many features are present in the sample patterns and how diverse they are, but some general guidelines can be given. In the large majority of applications, a two-dimensional map is used these are more flexible than one-dimensional maps, yet are simple... 

In addition to the enthalpy and polar interaction, the following factors influence the activation energy of these reactions triplet repulsion, electron affinity of atoms C and O in the TS, radii of C and O atoms, and n-bonds in the vicinity of the reaction center. These factors were discussed in Chapter 6 in application to the reaction of peroxyl radicals with hydrocarbons. 

A summary of the major physical factors influencing sonochemical events has also been included at the end of the chapter for those more interested in the practical applications than the theoretical considerations of ultrasound. Since the vast majority of chemical systems, whether they are homogeneous or heterogeneous, are studied in the solution phase, the discussions here will be restricted to liquid systems. 

Quantitative Raman spectroscopy is an established technique used in a variety of industries and on many different sample forms from raw materials to in-process solutions to waste streams, including most of the applications presented here [1]. Most of the applications presented in the next section rely on quantitative analysis. Similar to other spectroscopic techniques, many factors influence the accuracy and precision of quantitative Raman measurements, but high quality spectra from representative samples are most important. 

Wang et al. [34] have introduced a new heated mercury film electrode based on a screen printed carbon substrate. It was used in anodic stripping and exhibited a significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio. A directly heated mercury film electrode for anodic stripping voltammetry has been described by Jasinski [35]. Different factors influencing the quality of analytical determination have been investigated. Renewed mercury electrodes and examples of their various applications have been reviewed in Ref. 36. Lovric and Scholz [37] have discussed the conditions... 

Singh, J., Kaur, L., McCarthy, O. J. (2007). Factors influencing the physico-chemical, morphological, thermal and rheologieal properties of some chemically modified starches for food applications - A review. Food Hydr., 21, 1-22. 

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