Fabric formation, textile processing

After the fabric formation process, textiles are generally subjected to either dyeiag or printing and to a variety of mechanical and chemical finishing operations. The specific nature of the dyeiag and finishing operations depends on the fiber type and on the iatended use of the fabric. 

Pseudomorphs on a bronze Shang Dynasty halberd (ca. 1300 b.c.) were subjected to mineralogical analysis to determine their structure and composition. X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive analysis of x-rays were used in these analyses. Photomicrographs of pseudomorphs also were studied for fiber, yam, and fabric formations that give evidence of textiles. A model describing the process of silk pseudomorph formation was proposed. 

George, B., et al., 2005. Integration of Fabric Formation and Coloration Processes. National Textile Center, Philadelphia, USA. Available at www.ntcresearch.org/pdf-rpts/ Bref0605ZC02-PH03-05e.pdf (accessed 10.04.12). 

George, B.R., et al., 2006. Integration of fabric formation and coloration processes, fii Ujiie, H. (Ed.), Digital Printing of Textiles. Woodhead, Cambridge, England, pp. 123 143. 

What makes this combined process advantageous is the breaking-up plant serves its purpose of producing reclaimed fibres and, at the same time, forms fabric material. Waste formed in the process of fabric formation is routed back into the material feed-in. This combination of processes is special for the direct correlation between the initial material of textile waste and the designed parameters of the textile mat. This correlation exists with no further process-related requirements. That is, the structure of the textile waste needs to be broken up no further than is necessary to meet the requirements of product functionality. Mass per unit area and thickness can be kept constant by means of particular steps of machine control. The combined process even allows one to use fibre materials which are difficult or impossible to process in a conventional way, as described in the following ... 

Nonwoven technologies that employ machinery and processing principles traditionally used to manufacture textile, paper, or extmded materials, when viewed collectively, form what may be termed the primary or basic nonwoven fabric manufacturing systems. These systems are or can be continuous processes. Common to each of these systems are four sequential phases fiber selection and preparation, web formation, bonding, and finishing. 

CNC Antifoam 1 -A is supplied in dispersible fluid form which minimizes the danger of spot formation on fabric passing through the bath. Low concentrations of CNC Antifoam 1-A minimizes contamination of the finishing bath. CNC Antifoam 1-A is an efficient foam inhibitor of textile wet processing applications. 

Little published information exists about textile fabric pseudomorphs. For the most part, those interested in the phenomenon have been concerned with the pseudomorph as textile evidence rather than with the process of its formation. There is no established methodology for examining the pseudomorph either as mineral or as textile. 

Questions that remain concerning the process of silk fabric pseudomorph formation on the bronze halberd will be resolved with further study of pseudomorphic formations, particularly on objects whose provenance is documented precisely. A more complete description of the microenvironment of the buried objects as well as a quantitative analysis of the mineral composition of the pseudomorphs is necessary for the development of equations for the chemical equilibria involved. Future work is planned to study pseudomorphs as mineralogical structures and pseudomorphs as evidence of textiles. This work includes examination of two additional Shang bronze objects currently on loan to one of the authors. 

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