Eye disorders

NB818 is described as a patent and selective ameliorant of the cerebral circulation. 196 

Topically effective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (ocular hypotensive 

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Various types of preparations are used for the treatment of ophthalmic (eye) disorders such as glaucoma to lower the intraocular pressure (IOP), bacteria or viral infections of the eye, inflammatory conditions, and symptoms of allergy related to the eye... 

Eye injuries and some eye infections are very painful. Odier eye conditions may result in discomfort or a loss of or change in vision. The patient witii an eye disorder or injury usually has great concern about die effect die problem will have on his or her vision. The nurse reassures die patient tiiat every effort is being made to treat die disorder. 

Abnormal vision, cataract, conjunctivitis, dry eye, eye disorder, flare, iris discoloration, keratitis, lid margin crusting, photophobia, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and tearing... 

Many nitrates and nitrites increase pressure in the nerves and blood vessels of the eyes, which can cause a feeling of pressure behind the eyes and a severe headache. This can lead to glaucoma, a potentially blinding eye disorder. 

NSAIDs are groups of unrelated organic acids such as mefenamic acid, which have analgesic, antiinflammatory, and antipyretic activities. NSAIDs are used to relieve mild to moderate pain, raised temperature, and acute and chronic inflammatory disorders such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. NSAIDs are applied locally for the relief of muscular pain and are useful in ophthalmic preparations for inflammatory eye disorders.1-4 NSAIDs have been used to relieve pain, particularly in cancer patients, forming a cornerstone in pain management. NSAIDs also are used... 

Flash goggles designed to protect the eyes of pilots of military aircraft from the effects of nuclear flash are in production. Similar devices could also be of value to arc-welders, to those who suffer eye disorders and as part of television stereoviewing systems. 

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory disease of the lower gastrointestinal tract, which results in episodes of diarrhoea. There may also be extraintestinal symptoms, including anaemia, arthritis, dermatological problems and eye disorders. 

Nabumetone is a naproxen derivative, whose efficacy is related to its active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthyla-cetic acid. Not unexpectedly, a study in 2000 patients, mostly treated for more than 6 months, ehcited an adverse events pattern similar to the other derivatives of this class of NSAIDs (SEDA-13, 81). Adverse effects were reported in 18% of patients and 10% stopped taking the drug because of adverse reactions. Diarrhea was the most common problem (13%) followed by abdominal pain (9.9%), dyspepsia (9.3%), nausea (7.8%), and flatulence (4.7%). Ten ulcers were detected. Nervous system reactions, skin rashes, edema, unspecified eye disorders, and liver function test abnormahties aU occur (1). 

Eye disorders, such as blurred vision, ocular discomfort, irritation, and more severe problems, such as optic or retrobulbar neuritis and papilledema, have been described (SEDA-19, 96). 

One radioactive isotope of lead, lead-210, is sometimes used in medicine. This isotope gives off radiation that can kill cancer cells. It is also used to treat non-cancerous eye disorders. 

Neodymium and its compounds have a number of important uses. One is in a kind of laser known as a neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd YAG) laser. A laser is a device for producing very bright and focused light of a single color. The Nd YAG laser is used for treating bronchial cancer and certain eye disorders. The bronchi are air tubes that lead into the lungs. 

There are other medical applications for radioactive strontium isotopes. Strontium-90 is used to treat a variety of eye disorders. And strontium-85 and strontium-87m are used to study the condition of bones in a person s body. 

ANTIINFLAMMATORY and ANTIPYRETIC activity. It is used orally to treat pain and inflammation in rheumatic disease and other musculoskeletal disorders. It is also an aldose REDUCTASE INHIBITOR and is being studied for use in the treatment of eye disorders. 

There are eight types of medications (Table 22-1) used to treat eye disorders. These are ... 

Heart, spine (upper portion), right eye of male, left eye of female, vitality, fevers, bilious affections, eye disorders, swooning, circulation, upper portion of back. 

The oxazohdinedion are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the dru. Trimeth-adione is classified as a R nancy Cat ory D drug and is contraindicated during pr nancy and lactation. Trimethadione is used with caution in patients with eye disorders (, retinal or optic nerve disease), liver or kidney disease, and neurologic disorders. When trimethadione is used with otiier nervous system (CNS) depressants (, alcohol, narcotic analgesics, and antidepressants), an additive CNS depressant effect may occur. 

Monitoring and Managing Adverse Reactions Although adverse reactions are rare, tliese dru can cause visual impairment such as blurring of vision and local irritation and burning. These reactions are most often self-limiting and will resolve if tlie patient waits a few minutes. However, if visual impairment does not resolve itself or occurs as a consequence of an eye disorder, tlie nurse provide assistance witli ambulation to prevent injury from falls. In addition, assistance with activities of daily living may also be needed. Visual impainnent tliat does not clear witliin 30 minutes after tlierapy is reported to tlie primary healtli care provider. 

Comprehensive investigation into thyroid-associated eye disorders includes thyroid function and antibody panels. Acetylcholine receptor antibody titers and autoimmune screen are recommended if available. Muscle enzyme levels and serum lactate assays will be helpful in the diagnosis of myopathy. 

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