Expert systems software

E. Stem, personal communication. Occupational Safety and Health Administration Asbestos Advisor (Expert System software). Release 1.0, OSHA, Washington, D.C., 1996 (available at http //www.osha.gov). 

Scaringe WA, Liao D, Liu Q, Sommer SS. REF Select expert system software for selecting restriction endonucleases for restriction endonuclease fingerprinting. Biotechniques 1999 27(6) 1188-1190, 1192-1194, 1196 passim. 

Expert systems can also be "delphic" in their operation, reaching conclusions from antecedents by processes that are non-obvious to the user. Sometimes these processes are not even obvious to the expert and knowledge engineer who developed the system, but are derived by expert system software from a series of specific situations presented to the expert for evaluation. 

We expect that within the next ten years expert system software and applications will become (at least nearly) as prevalent as database, spreadsheet, and word processing applications are now. Most expert-style applications will eventually be developed and delivered on microcomputer platforms. As the capabilities of microcomputer approach the capabilities of workstations, the need for more specialized machines will be reduced and this also will increase the involvement of persons with varied skills to contribute. 

Selecting the hardware and software to run an application are interrelated, because some expert system software runs only on certain hardware. Hardware options vary from personal computers to mainframes. Software pricing runs from about 100 to 500 times... 

The ability of the expert system software to give advice or educate the user in a congenial fashion and in the user s own terms is paramount, so that any psychological barriers to computer use are avoided. 

Human-computer interface, expert systems, software engineering, high-performance computing, databases, visualization... 

Meastuements were performed at 20°C as a function of pH in the range of 3-10 by addition of 0.01 M HCl or 0.01 M NaOH using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS. Microgel solutions with a concentration of 5 mg/mL were dialyzed in standard 1 mM KCl solution and measured in disposable polystyrene cuvettes. One hundred scans were made for each sample and the zeta potential was calculated using Henry s equation. Expert System software was used for data interpretation. 

At the start of the development, it had been intended use an expert system shell to implement this tool, however, after careful consideration, it was concluded that this was not the optimum strategy. An examination procedure can be considered as consisting of two parts fixed documentary information and variable parameters. For the fixed documentary information, a hypertext-like browser can be incorporated to provide point-and-click navigation through the standard. For the variable parameters, such as probe scanning paths, the decisions involved are too complex to be easily specified in a set of rules. Therefore a software module was developed to perfonn calculations on 3D geometric models, created fi om templates scaled by the user. 

The earliest practical use of an expert system was made in the software named MYCIN for diagnosing a toxic poison from the symptoms of a patient and recommending the antidote (62). This type of activity is generally carried out by a human expert who processes information about a situation (in this case, symptoms of a patient), refers to the expert s experience and expert knowledge, and then recommends action (in this case, the antidote). 

The computer has become an accepted part of our daily lives. Computer applications in applied polymer science now are focussing on modelling, simulation, robotics, and expert systems rather than on the traditional subject of laboratory instrument automation and data reduction. The availability of inexpensive computing power and of package software for many applications has allowed the scientist to develop sophisticated applications in many areas without the need for extensive program development. 

The need for rapidly accessible estimation of toxicity has led to the development of software and other algorithms that will generate estimations of toxicity, usually for organic compounds [79] such methodology is termed an expert system, which has been defined [34] as any formalised system, not necessarily computer-based, which enables a user to obtain rational predictions about the toxicity of chemicals. Essentially, expert systems fall into two classes— those relying on statistical approaches and those based on explicit rules derived from human knowledge. 

Bentley P. Product Formulation Expert System (PEES). In Rowe RC, Roberts RJ, Intelligent software for product formulation. London Taylor and Erancis, 1998. pp. 27-41. 

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