Exhaust emissions biodiesel

C. Sharp, Exhaust emission and performance of diesel engines with biodiesel fuels, Southwest Research Institute, 1998. 

The commercial biodiesel fuel significantly reduced PM exhaust emissions (75-83%) compared to the petrodiesel base fuel. However, NO exhaust emissions increased slightly with commercial biodiesel compared to the base fuel. The chain length of the compounds had little effect on NO, and PM exhaust emissions, while the influence was greater on HC and CO, the latter being reduced with decreasing chain length. Non-saturation in the fatly compounds causes an increase in NO exhaust emissions. 

Many studies on the performances and emissions of compression ignition engines, fueled with pme biodiesel and blends with diesel fuel, have been conducted and are reported in the literature (Laforgia and Ardito, 1994). Fuel characterization data show some similarities and differences between biodiesel and petrodiesel fuels. The sulfur content of petrodiesel is 20 to 50 times that of biodiesel. Biodiesel has demonstrated a number of promising characteristics, including reduction of exhaust emissions. 

Canakei, M., Erdil, A., Areaklioglu, E. 2006. Performanee and exhaust emissions of a biodiesel engine. Appl Energy 83 594-605. 

EPA(US Environmental Proteetion Agency). 2002. A comprehensive analysis of biodiesel impaets on exhaust emissions. Draft Technical Report, EPA420-P-02-001, October 2002. EPA, Washington, DC. 

Kousoulidou M, Fontaras G, Mellios G, Ntziachristos L (2008) Effect of biodiesel and bioethanol on exhaust emissions. ETC/ACC Technical Paper 2008/5, Thessaloniki, http // acm.eionet.europa.eu/docs/ETCACC TP 2008 5 biofuds emissions.pdf... 

Knothe, G., Sharp, C. A., and Ryan, T. W. III. 2006. Exhaust Emissions of Biodiesel, Petrodiesel, Neat Methyl Esters, and Alkanes in a New Technology Engine. Energy Fuels, 20,403-408. 

USEPA. 2002. A Comprehensive Analysis of Biodiesel Impacts on Exhaust Emissions. Draft Technical Report 420-P-02-001. (See http //www.epa.gov/otaq/models/ analysis/biodsl/p02001.pdf)... 

Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Tier 2 testing of biodiesel exhaust emissions. Available http //www.nbb.Qrg/resources/reportsdatabase/reports/gen/gen-278.pdf (2000). 

Fig. 16.2. Comprehensive analysis of biodiesel impacts on exhaust emissions (EPA 2002).

For fuel applications, a popular SBO derivative is methyl soyate (SBO methyl ester, also known as Soy Gold) (J). This biodiesel has several advantages over diesel fuel from petroleum sources because it is biodegradable, has a high flash combustion temperature, contains negligible amount of sulfur, is neutral with respect to carbon dioxide emission, and can potentially reduce many harmful exhaust emissions. Methyl soyate is also an increasingly useful industrial solvent for grease removal. 

Sharp C (1998) Characterization of biodiesel exhaust emissions for EPA 211(b). Report. Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX... 

Fatty acid stmcture (composition and imsaturation degree) of vegetable oils used as feedstocks considerably affect the physical properties of biodiesel such as viscosity, cold flow properties, oxidation stability and exhaust emission profile (Knothe 2008). Even, there are many successful attempts to predict the biodiesel properties from the fatty acid composition of the plant oils. Fatty acid distribution of some common vegetable oils is given in Table 2. Higher saturated fatty acid based biodiesel has higher viscosity, cold flow temperatures, oxidation stability and calorific value while higher imsaturated fatty acid based biodiesel shows a combination of improved fuel properties as a whole (Knothe 2005 Ramos 2009 Kumar 2013). 

Pullen, J. and Saeed, K., (2014), Factors effecting biodiesel engine performance and exhaust emissions - Part 11 Experimental study. Energy. 72, 17-34. 

Other fuel quality parameters include limits on the heteroelements sodium, potassium, sulfur, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium. The presence of these heteroelements can also negatively influence combustion and poison catalytic exhaust emissions controls as well as contribute to the formation of sediments when storing the fuel. These elements can arise in biodiesel as remaining transesterification catalysts, carry over from feedstocks such as animal fats having had contact with other animal parts such as meat and bones or sulfur-containing glucosinolates in rapeseed. 

Knothe, G., Sharp, C.A., Ryan 111, T.W., 2006. Exhaust emissions of biodiesel, petrodiesel, neat methyl esters, and alkanes in a new technology engine. Energy Fuels 20, 403-408. 

Pinzi, S., Rounce, P., et al., 2013. The effect of biodiesel fatty acid composition on combustion and diesel engine exhaust emissions. Fuel 104, 170—182. 

Rahman, S.M.A., Masjuki, H.H., et al., 2013. Production of pahn and Calophyllum inophyllum based biodiesel and investigation of blend performance and exhaust emission in an unmodified diesel engine at high idling conditions. Energy Conversion and Management 76, 362-367. 

Tsai, J.H., Chen, S.J., et al., 2015. Characteristics of exhaust emissions of a diesel generator fueled with water-containing butanol and waste-edible-oil-biodiesel blends. Aerosol and Air Quality Research 15 (5), 2129—2139. 

Impacts of biodiesel B5 fuel on exhaust emissions in comparison with those market diesel can be observed in Fig. 23.20. 

Figure 23.20 Comparison of exhaust emissions as the same engine was run with market diesel and biodiesel B5 fuel.

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