Executive function deficits

Executive function deficits are common among people with FASD, and such deficits are related to crime. Sixty percent of FASD individuals have a history of trouble with the law and 50 percent have been in jail or prison at one time or another. Executive function deficits are also common in other disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, various learning disabilities, and traumatic brain injury.27... 

The distribution of dopamine synthesis significantly alters activity of dopaminergic neurons of prefrontal cortex, especially dorsolateral area which receives a large dopamine projection and is characterize by very high dopamine turnover [46]. It has been established that dopamine deficiency and disturbances in neurotransmitter balance may be responsible for cognitive and executive functions deficits, as well as emotional problems even in patients that were treated earlier. The intensity of these dysfunctions is related to the degree of... 

A PDE10A inhibitor may also have the potential to treat the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. The principal evidence for this claim is papaverine reversal of a PCP-induced deficit in the EDID-set shifting assay in rats [35]. This assay translates into human behavior in the form of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). EDID-set shifting is a test of executive function, a measure in which schizophrenics have a robust deficit. It has also been shown recently that papaverine is efficacious in the Novel Object Recognition cognition assay [36]. 

The deficit of cortico-striatal innervation that is presumably responsible for reported losses of striatal glutamate uptake sites (Aparicio-Legarza et al., 1997 Simpson et al., 1992), is likely to contribute to the cognitive dysfunction of schizophrenia. These have been described as having similarities to the subcortical dementia (Pantelis et al., 1992) seen in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders disturbances of corticostriatal function are thought to underlie this pattern of cognitive deficits that include disturbances of attention, executive function and short-term memory. 

Barkley, R.A., Edwards, G., Laneri, M., Fletcher, K., and Metevia, I. (2001) Executive functioning, temporal discounting, and sense of time in adolescents with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADEID) and Oppositional-Defiant Disorder (ODD), Abnorm Child Psychol 29 541-556. 

Some degree of spellbinding is characteristic of any compromise of frontal lobe function. Beer et al. (2006) noted that orbitofrontal damage is associated with objective inappropriate social behavior. The patients were aware of social norms of intimacy but they were unaware that their task performances violated these norms. The authors call this an impairment of self-monitoring and self-insight. Bach and David (2006) pointed out that self-awareness deficits are very common in patients with traumatic brain injury and key to the development of behavior disturbances Our research found that lack of social self-awareness predicts behavioural disturbance in acquired and traumatic brain injury independent of cognitive and executive function. ... 

Evaluation of cognitive function in patients receiving tumor necrosis factor alfa alone or combined with inter-leukin-2 showed reversible attentional deficits, memory disorders, deficits in motor coordination and frontal lobe executive functions (661). There was reversible hypoperfusion in the frontal lobes. 

Cognitive deficits Attentional impairment, memory dysfunction, impaired executive functions... 

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