Exclusion diet

A common first step in managing patients with IBS is to discuss lifestyle factors. Dietary changes and dietary fibre are likely to have been discussed, especially in patients presenting with constipation and bloating. Exclusion diets may have been tried, but these need to be under the guidance of a dietician. 

August PJ (1979) Successful treatment of urticaria due to food additive with sodium cromoglycate and an exclusion diet. In Pepys J, Edwards AM (eds) The mast cell, its role in health and disease. Pitman Medical, Tunbridge Wells... 

Ealth-Magnusson K, Kjellman NI. 1987. Development of atopic disease in babies whose mothers were receiving exclusion diet during pregnancy—A randomized study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 80 868-875. 

Beriberi is the deficiency disease. It appears in individuals on an exclusive diet of polished rice, and results in neuritic symptoms and disturbances of heart functions. Some of the deficiency symptoms can be explained on the basis of the role of the vitamin in metabolism. Similar symptoms can be evoked artificially in birds (polyneuritis). Some evidence points to a role of thiamine in neural physiology in any case, nerves contain unusually large amounts of thiamine. 

Beri-beri or clinically manifest thiamin deficiency exists in several subforms infantile beri-beri and adult beri-beri. Infantile beri-beri occurs in exclusively breastfed infants of thiamin-deficient mothers. Adults can develop different forms of the disease, depending on their constitution, environmental conditions, the relative contribution of other nutrients to the diet as well as the duration and severity of deficiency. First of all, there is a so called dry or atrophic (paralytic or nervous) form, including peripheral degenerative polyneuropathy, muscle weakness and paralysis. Second, a wet or exudative (cardiac) form exists. In this form, typical symptoms are lung and peripheral oedema as well as ascites. Finally, there is a cerebral form, that can occur as Wernicke encephalopathy or Korsakoff psychosis. Tli is latter form mostly affects chronic alcoholics with severe thiamin deficiency. 

How much protein in an animal is made exclusively from protein in its diet ... 

A large part of the US diet is made up of crops which originate outside the USA. Currently, a US tolerance achieved through the submission of data obtained from residue trials run exclusively within the USA permits the importation of commodities grown in Latin America or other countries. Within the past 5 years, the ERA has initiated programs to ensure that residue testing to achieve a US tolerance better reflects the climatic and cultural conditions under which the commodity is grown. 

Carotenoids accumulating in the human body are obtained exclusively from our diet. Out of almost 50 carotenoids present in a typical human diet, about 14 are absorbed into the blood (Khachik et al., 1997), and only two of them—lutein and zeaxanthin (Figure 15.1)—accumulate in the retina (Bernstein et al., 2001 Bone and Landrum, 1992 Bone et al., 1988, 1997 Davies and Morland, 2004 Khachik et al., 1997, 2002). Lutein and zeaxanthin are particularly concentrated in photoreceptor axons and inner plexiform layer in the area including and surrounding... 

Grafe and Wolf123 have also reported exceedingly high D N ratios (exceeding 10 1) in diabetic patients on an exclusive protein-fat diet. Lusk124 suggests that such ratios may be the result of surreptitious in-... 

Ts inchj individual s skin than bone. Thus, the isotopic data indicate a divergence from an almost exclusive marine diet in the last months of life. 

A strict gluten-free regimen involves the exclusion of many articles of the diet, in addition to the obvious ones such as bread, biscuits, and cakes it is important that the gluten-free diet should be acceptable to the patient and nutritionally adequate. If a strict gluten-free regimen is instituted, 3 responses are possible complete recovery, partial recovery, or no effect. 

By means of enzymatic markers we checked into offspring paternity of twice-mated females. We found the progeny in most cases to be sired almost exclusively by the larger of the two males. Factors such as duration of copulation, mating order, or between-mating interval were not determinants of male "success." Nor was male PA content, which in our laboratory-raised Utetheisa did not correlate with male size (we attribute this lack of correlation to the fact that our artificial larval diets were equally nutritious, whether PA-laden or PA-free) (26). 

The rat has been used rather widely to study the relation between dietary protein, or acid salt feeding, and calcium loss. Barzel and Jowsey (19) showed that the rat fed a control diet supplemented with ammonium chloride excreted excessive urinary calcium, and experienced a concomitant loss of fat-free bone tissue. Draper, et al. (20) extending this work, reported an inverse relation between dietary phosphate and loss of bone calcium and dry, fat-free tissue. In subsequent studies (21), they reported that this process was accompanied by reduced serum calcium levels the high phosphorus, low calcium diet increased urinary calcium loss. Whereas, increasing the phosphorus content of the diet stopped the excessive urinary calcium loss. To test possible zinc loss that might result from this sort of acid salt feeding, Jacob and her coworkers (22) fed rats a supplement of ammonium chloride and then measured urinary zinc and calcium. The hypercalciuria occurred exclusive of an effect upon urinary zinc loss. 

Not content with such a laborious and time consuming enterprise, McCollum started, on his own initiative in 1908, the first rat colony in the United States to be devoted exclusively to the study of nutrition. More than five years later he was able to report that a successful diet for a rat required the inclusion of an ether extract of egg or butter. (15)... 

The differences between castoreum from different species and sources still need to be investigated. As suggested by Tang et al [69] it is quite likely that these differences could be diet related because the phenols are most likely derived from the diet of these animals. Indeed, already in 1949 Lederer [73] recognized this possibility and pointed out that 2, 3"-dihydroxydibenz-2-pyrone and 4,4 -dihydroxydiphenic acid dilactone 12 (Fig. 3) are closely related to ellagic acid, which is abundant in the bark of trees. A comprehensive chemical analysis of the polyphenols present in the preferred diet of the beavers and a comparison of these compounds with the phenols present in castoreum from animals fed exclusively on this diet could shed some light on this unresolved problem. 

For the inhabitants of the exclusion zone, situated in a forested region without well-developed economic and social infrastructures, it is of interest to estimate the relative contributions to internal exposure of forest food (berries and mushrooms) and conventional agricultural food (potatoes and milk). Some specialist studies have assumed that forest food represents only a small part of the diet of inhabitants of the exclusion zone, but we would suggest that in fact, it plays a major role. Typically, the consumption of forest food contributes 50% of the internal exposure dose, while for some critical population groups, it can exceed 80%. The definition of the spatial variation in pollution, the prevailing ecological conditions, and the diet should allow a scientifically-based prediction to be made of the internal exposure dose to the local population, and will help to identify the major risk factors within a certain time period following the Chernobyl catastrophe. 

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