Excluder devices

The World Trade Organization settles disputes among nations when their individual trade laws conflict. There are complaints that international trade is winning out over the environment in some of the decisions. For example, it ruled in 1998 that a U. S. law requiring turtle excluder devices to protect endangered species of sea turtles from being trapped in the nets of shrimp fishermen was really a trade barrier and need not be enforced.63... 

The length limitations described in this section do not include the length exclusive devices defined in 658.5, or 658.16 and Appendix D to Part 658, or which the Secretary may interpret as necessary for safe and efficient operation of commercial motor vehicles, except that no excluded device can be designed or used for carrying cargo. 

Novel bubble-induced flow designs apply a plethora of mechanisms that help differentiate each specific design from other novel and standard devices. Some changes are structural and include use of different materials and internals. Others include the use of novel methods to excite the bubble interface and induce gas-liquid mass transfer. Novel methods exclude devices that are created to study specific events relating to standard devices. For example, the study by Sotiriadis et al. (2005) using a specially designed bubble column where the phases move downward to specifically study bubble behavior, bubble size, and gas-liquid mass transfer in the downcomer of airhft reactors would fall in the excluded devices. 

Federal law requires that shrimpers use turtle excluder devices (TEDs) on their nets in order to protect sea turdes. When a turde gets caught, the net opens up and allows the turde to swim free. Sciendsts tracking killer whales have learned that some groups stay within a local area, feeding on salmon and other fish, while others wander the oceans hunting for seals. 

Certain types of equipment are specifically excluded from the scope of the directive. It is self-evident that equipment which is already regulated at Union level with respect to the pressure risk by other directives had to be excluded. That is the case with simple pressure vessels, transportable pressure equipment, aerosols and motor vehicles. Other equipment, such as carbonated drink containers or radiators and piping for hot water systems are excluded from the scope because of the limited risk involved. Also excluded are products which are subject to a minor pressure risk which are covered by the directives on machinery, lifts, low voltage, medical devices, gas appliances and on explosive atmospheres. A further and last group of exclusions refers to equipment which presents a significant pressure risk, but for which neither the free circulation aspect nor the safety aspect necessitated their inclusion. 

A furnace is a device (enclosure) for generating controlled heat with the objective of performing work. In fossil-fuel furnaces, the work appHcation may be direct (eg, rotary kilns) or indirect (eg, plants for electric power generation). The furnace chamber is either cooled (waterwaH enclosure) or not cooled (refractory lining). In this article, furnaces related to metallurgy such as blast furnaces ate excluded because they ate coveted under associated topics (see... 

The dust-ignition-proof protection concept excludes dust from entering the device enclosure and will not permit arcs, sparks, or heat generated by the device to cause ignition of external suspensions or accumulations of the dust. Enclosure requirements can be found in ANSI/UL 1203-1994, Explosion-Proof and Dust-Ignition-Proof Electrical Equipment for Use in Hazardous Locations. ... 

Equipment commonly employed for the diying of sohds is described both in this subsection in Sec. 12, where indirect heat transfer devices are discussed, and in Sec. 17 where fluidized beds are covered. Diyer control is discussed in Sec. 8. Excluding fluid beds this subsection contains mainly descriptions of direct-heat-transfer equipment. It also includes some indirect units e.g., vacuum diyers, furnaces, steam-tube diyers, and rotaiy calciners. 

Dry bulb The air temperature recorded by a dry bulb thermometer, a sensory device excluding any effects of moisture or radiation. 

Equipment boundary Demarcation of the equipment showing components included and interfaces with excluded piping, electrical and instrumentation systems. Numbers shown on electrical equipment are taken from American Standard Device Function Numbers. 

When pressure relief devices are intended primarily for protection against overpressure due to external fire or heat, have no permanent supply connection, and are used for storage at ambient temperature of non-refrigerated liquefied compressed gases, they are excluded from requirements of Par. UG-125c (1) and C (2), with specific provisions. See ASME code [1] for detailed references and conditions. 

Cavitation in pipe systems is possible wherever there are changes in section or flow direction such as expansions, bends and branches. However, serious erosion problems are normally only associated with components within which flow is severely constricted and consequently accelerated. If pumps are excluded then, in most systems, this situation applies to devices used... 

Mode ofaction active devices depend on a source of electrical energy or other power, excluding gravity or the patient to perform their function. 

Such techniques imply analysis of chemical products of photolysis. Application of mass-spectrometers of various types is often hampered by a number of circumstances. These difficulties will be discussed later on. The EPR method, which is currently the most extensively employed technique, features low sensitivity and is usually used for analysis of primary fragments of photolysis. For this purpose, the radicals produced are frozen on the walls of a quartz pin and are thus accumulated inside the device. On one hand, this approach allows one to overcome the sensitivity threshold of the device. However, on the other hand, this excludes the possibility of direct kinetic measurements. The SS technique permits the use of weak light sources for detecting active particles under... 

Worldwide consumption of performance additives (excluding plasticisers) grew from just over 2.7 mt in 1996 to 3.6 mt in 2001. Flame retardants make up 31 % of the volume and stabilisers, impact modifiers and lubricants each account for around 16-17%. Flame retardant markets (construction, E E devices, automotive) are headed for unprecedented development and change, being threatened by environmental, health... 

In a special weathering device we constructed ourselves (4), we later carried out chalking tests in which great care was taken to exclude water while allowing air to enter unhindered. This and the... 

Specifically note that Type 7 (explosion-proof) enclosures and their associated conduit systems are neither gas or liquid tight. Consequently, corrosive gases such as hydrogen sulfide and water from rain or internal condensation can accumulate with the enclosure. Premature failure of electrical devices and interconnections often results when preventive measures such as drains, air purges, and dual rated enclosures are not used to remove or exclude these corrosive elements. Type 7 enclosures are intended for indoor use. 

Passage of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. Superseded the law of 1906. Required evidence of safety, e.g., studies in animals. Included coverage of cosmetics and medical devices. Specifically excluded biologies. 

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