Example Using Behavioral Compiler

For behavioral synthesis, functionality is described with regard to occurrence of operations with no notion of the actual implementation and without binding operations to specific clock cycles. Architectural implementation decisions are made by the behavioral synthesis tool based on cycle period, latency and throughput goals. The behavioral synthesis tools does however, maintain the implicit dependency of the operations in the HDL code. 

T The Bubble Sort / void bubble(char item, int count)  

1 Implementing the bubble sort algorithm in VHDL 2 Using a RAM for Internal 70 bit register 

H Read data into RAM for(i = 1 i = N i = I + 1) begin RAMJoad (posedge elk) if (reset) disable RESET LOOP unsorted reg[i] = unsorted data end 

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Chapter 11 introduces the reader to Behavioral Synthesis. The EDA tool used is the Synopsys Behavioral Compiler. What is Behavioral i nthesis Is behavioral synthesis right for you What does a transition to Behavioral synthesis entail These issues are addressed in this introductory chapter on behavioral synthesis using a simple example. 

Although the entire discussion of electrochemistry thus far has been in terms of aqueous solutions, the same principles apply equaly well to nonaqueous solvents. As a result of differences in solvation energies, electrode potentials may vary considerably from those found in aqueous solution. In addition the oxidation and reduction potentials characteristic of the solvent vary with the chemical behavior of the solvent. as a result of these two effects, it is often possible to carry out reactions in a nonaqueous solvent that would be impossible in water. For example, both sodium and beryllium are too reactive to be electroplated from aqueous solution, but beryllium can be electroplated from liquid ammonia and sodium from solutions in pyridine. 0 Unfortunately, the thermodynamic data necessary to construct complete tables of standard potential values are lacking for most solvents other than water. Jolly 1 has compiled such a table for liquid ammonia. The hydrogen electrode is used as the reference point to establish the scale as in water ... 

There are several limitations which lead to the discrepancies in Tables IV-X. First of all, no model will be better than the assumptions upon which it is based. The models compiled in this survey are based on the ion association approach whose general reliability rests on several non-thermodynamic assumptions. For example, the use of activity coefficients to describe the non-ideal behavior of aqueous electrolytes reflects our uncertain knowledge of ionic interactions and as a consequence we must approximate activity coefficients with semi-empirical equations. In addition, the assumption of ion association may be a naive representation of the true interactions of "ions" in aqueous solutions. If a consistent and comprehensive theory of electrolyte solutions were available along with a consistent set of thermodynamic data then our aqueous models should be in excellent agreement for most systems. Until such a theory is provided we should expect the type of results shown in Tables IV-X. No degree of computational or numerical sophistication can improve upon the basic chemical model which is utilized. 

The uptake(pH) curves were generated for two hypothetical materials, namely, alumina and silica whose surface area is 100 m /g. and whose pristine surface charging behavior corresponds to the model curves presented in Figs. 5.72 and 5.85, respectively. The model curves representing specific adsorption of Pb on these materials at low initial concentration ([surface sites] > > [total Pb]) were calculated to produce pHso S for 10 g solid/dm and in the presence of 10 mol dm inert electrolyte solution. For sufficiently low total Pb concentration the adsorption isotherms at constant pH are linear and the course of the calculated uptake(pH) curves is independent of the Pb initial concentration. The above solid to liquid ratio is typical for studies of specific adsorption, and pHjo = 5 is a realistic value for Pb adsorption on silica and alumina at this solid to liquid ratio, in view of the results of actual adsorption experiments compiled in Table 4.1. Lead has higher affinity to solid surfaces than most other divalent metal cations. The choice of the model curves from Fig. 5.72 (alumina) and 5.85 (silica), rather than model curves derived from any other set of experimental data analyzed in Section III, or calculated using any other model than TLM, or any other set of TLM parameters was arbitrary. This choice does not imply that TLM is favored over other models or that the experimental data used to derive these model curves are more reliable than other results used as examples in Section III,... 

The objective of this review is not to compile examples of the synthetic applications of microwave irradiation in which only better yields and reduced reaction times have been achieved, but to summarize examples in which microwave radiation has resulted in chemo, regio, or stereoselectivity that differ from those obtained by use of conventional heating. Possible explanations for this behavior will be given throughout the text. Some examples will be discussed separately in Chapter 4 (Section 4.8.4) as an extension of previous original considerations in terms of specific electrostatic effects and of the relative stabilization of the more polar transition states [17a]. 

The physical chemical parameters of organic compounds are presently available in a variety of sources. They include comprehensive publications and on-line web sites that compile data for thousands of compounds. Other papers in the literature are restricted to either specihc physical chemical parameters and/or chemical classes. Some of these data bases are peer reviewed and one can depend on the values cited while others may cite references and the investigator has to draw his/her own conclusions. Some recent publications have chosen to summarize aU the data reported for say, the solubility of a compound, and critique values cited before indicating a preferred value. This approach is most useful to those interested in assessing the environmental behavior of compounds. Examples of these different data sources are given, but this list is by no means complete. 

When we turn from these observations to the actual text of the Experimental Researches, however, the limitations of Bancroft s chemical hierarchy become clear. The work is primarily concerned with natural history and the provenance of dye-stuffs, not only analytic chemistry. I ll give a detailed example from chapter five of section two, on lacs. The section on lacs compiles information and experiments from antiquarian and more recent sources on the behavior of lac insects and the appropriate ways for cultivating them. He quoted the great economic botanist William Roxburgh extensively to indicate how local Indian materials could be substituted for those used in equivalent processes elsewhere, in the preparation of the lake. He described its use by the natives of Assam . There was much more parity in the details of the account between European and non-European practice than Delbourgo recognizes. 

Data-flow analysis is a technique to determine the lifetime of values, which is used extensively in compiler construction [2]. High-level synthesis often uses data-flow analysis to determine the intended behavior, for example, unfolding variables [15, 38]. In HIS, lifetime information is used during allocation and scheduling. 

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