Evolution of the Lesion

Anderson, J. H., Precht, W., and Pappas, C., 1979, Changes in the vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex due to kainic acid lesions of the interstitial nucleus Cajal, Neurosci. Lett. 14 259-264. 

Arregui, a., Emson, P. C., and Spokes, E. G., 1978, Angiotensin-converting enzyme in substantia nigra reduction of activity in Huntington s disease and after intrastriatal kainic acid in rats, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 52 121-124. 

Balcar, V. J., and Johnston, G. A. R., 1972, The structural specificity of the high-affinity uptake of L-glutamate and L-aspartate by rat brain slices,/. Neurochem. 19 2657-2666. 

Beaumont,K., Maurin, Y., Reizine, T. D., Fields, J. Z., Spokes, E., Bird, E. D., and Yamamura, H. L, 1979, Huntington s disease and its animal model alterations in kainic acid binding. Life Sci. 24 809-816. 

Ben-Ari, Y., Tremblay, E., Ottersen, O. P., and Naquet, R., 1979, Evidence suggesting epileptogenic lesions after kainic acid pretreatment with diazepam reduces distant but not local brain damage. Brain Res. 165 362-365. 

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Chemical bums generate fear because there are myths and realities about it a possible evolution of the lesion for a long time after the accident, some important aesthetic sequelae without treatment. 

Bhatla, V., Sarin, S.K. Hepatic visceral larva migrans evolution of the lesion, diagnosis, and role of high-dose albendazole therapy. Amer. J. Gastroenterol. 1994 89 624-627... 

GILOH, H. and MAGER, J. Inhibition of peptide chain initiation in lysates from ATP-depleted cells. I. Stages in the evolution of the lesion and its reversal by thiol compounds, cyclic AMP or purine derivatives and phosphorylated sxigars. Biochem. Biophys. Acta. (1975)> 414. 295-308. 

We will not repeat the description of spongiosis since this has been described in the evolution of the lesions of the flank and nipple (see p. 14 and 15). 

Positron emission tomographic (PET) studies may reveal a reduced cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen utilization, while single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) studies can ascertain strokes in individuals with MELAS by using a tracer, /V-isopropyl-p- 123-1 -iodoamphetamine. The tracer accumulates in the parietooccipital region, and it can delineate the extent of the lesion. SPECT studies are used to monitor the evolution of the disease. 

Sternlieb, I., Evolution of the Hepatic Lesion in Wilson s Disease (He-... 

Bochkov, V.N. et al. Oxidized phospholipids stimulate angiogenesis via autocrine mechanisms, implicating a novel role for lipid oxidation in the evolution of atherosclerotic lesions. Circ. Res. 99 (2006) 900-8. 

Penicillin is the drug of choice for anthrax. Cutaneous anthrax without toxicity or systemic symptoms may be treated with oral penicillin. If evidence of spreading infection or systemic symptoms is present, then intravenous therapy with high-dose penicillin (2 million units administered every 6 h) may be initiated until a clinical response is obtained. Effective therapy will reduce edema and systemic symptoms but will not change the evolution of the skin lesion itself. Treatment should be continued for 7 to 10 days. 

Fig. 27-1. This series of photographs illustrates the evolution of skin lesions in an unvaccinated infant with the classic form of variola major, (a) The third day of rash shows synchronous eruption of skin lesions some are becoming vesiculated. (b) On the fifth day of rash, almost all papules are vesicular or pustular, (c) On the seventh day of rash, many lesions are umbilicated, and all lesions are in the same general stage of development. Photographs Reprinted with permission from Fenner F, Henderson DA, Arita I, Jezek Z, Ladnyi ID. Smallpox and Its Eradication. Geneva, Switzerland World Health Organization 1988 10-14. Photographs by I. Arita.

Information derived from a variety of experimental animal models suggests that a number of cytokines play a role in the initiation, maintenance, and resolution of chronic interstitial pulmonary inflammation. However, the mechanism by which each cytokine is involved in the evolution of the inflammatory response is not clear. For example, in vivo studies assessing the development of interstitial lung granulomas induced by a mycobacterial antigen, purified protein derivative (PPD), have demonstrated that IFN-y and TNF were necessary cytokines for lesion progression (52). In contrast, pulmonary inflammation initiated by either the... 

The advantage of in vitro or ex vivo models is to be able to easily vary the parameters to simulate real accident conditions. Explants of human skin can provide accurate measures of the kinetics of appearance of the lesions and enable to observe the evolution of cellular and tissue damage on the... 

The particular properties of HF forced the scientific community to understand its mechanism and its lesions kinetics (see Sect. 4.1.2.1). The idea was to find a way to improve the water washing. But the first improvement was to add, after initial decontamination with water, a secondary treatment such as to apply calcium gluconate as an ointment or by intravenous or subcutaneous injection. Topical applications are easier to perform but require repeated ointment based on patient s pain. Hydrofluoric acid bums are very painful. The pain depends on the concentration. If the concentration is higher than 50 %, the sensation of pain is immediate. If the concentration is less than 50 %, the pain and the lesions can be delayed. Calcium gluconate limits the evolution of the bum by binding fluoride ions but has only a light effect on H+ ions. 

Authors advocate water decontamination first to dilute the product. Nevertheless water does not trap HE and is inadequate to stop the evolution of the injury. Our clinical experience reveals this ineffectiveness many patients consult our department 1 or 2 days after exposition with a little painful lesion after copious rinsing of their hands and the main problem is that the majority of the patients do not know the dangerousness of the product during household activities. 

Although Mg is generally considered non-toxic, the inhalation of fumes of freshly sublimed Mg oxide may cause metal fume fever. There is no evidence that Mg produces, true systemic poisoning. Particles of metallic Mg or Mg alloy which perforate the skin of gain entry thru cuts and scratched rilay produce a severe local lesion characterized by the evolution of gas and acute inflammatory reaction, frequently with necrosis. The condition Has been called a chemical gas gangrene . Gaseous blebs may develop within 24 hrs of the injury. The lesion is very slow to heal (Ref 23)... 

FIGURE 5.2 Clinical outcome of patients in the double-blind, proof-of-concept trial evaluating EPO in acute stroke, (a) Barthel Index (rhEPO vs. placebo, p < 0.05). (b) Modified Rankin Scale (rhEPO vs. placebo, p < 0.07) on day 30. Dead patients received the worst possible score. Evolution of lesion size of patients in the efficacy trial of Albumin in acute stroke, ((a-1) and DWI and (a-2) FLAIR.) (Reprinted with permission from reference 50.)... 

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