European standards process

Furthermore, ISPE is in the process of establishing guidance on process transfer. This is the result of a collaboration with the U.S. FDA and the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS), with input from European regulatory authorities and the Japanese MHLW. This technology transfer guide is designed to present a standardized process and recommends a minimum base of documentation in support of the transfer request. 

Methanol occurs in some foods. Distilled fruit spirits such as those from the fermentation of Bartlett pears contain some methanol. This has led to European standards for methanol limits in distilled fruit spirits. The levels of methanol can be reduced by appropriate adjustment of fermentation conditions and the distillation processes used.3... 

In accordance with what we learned at the laboratory in model media, there is an optimum toasting level above which the formation of volatile substances with a toasty aroma increases significantly (medium toast), and a further level above which they disappear rapidly (US heavy toast for the American oak). In comparison with the standard process for European sessile oak, the toasting process developed for American oak seems more favorable towards the formation and extraction of such molecules. 

European standards for working postures (machinery operations), 1068 European Union, 1165 EV, see Expected value Evaluate phase (process design and... 

This last process is the one that is exercising many of the ISO committees at the moment. The procedure basically means that the DIS and FDIS stages are combined simultaneously with the similar stages in the CEN, and comments thereon referred to whichever is the lead body. Consequently a single version is finally published, which is the ISO Standard, the European Standard, and. by extension, the national standard of all the member bodies of the CEN. One major difference however is that for CEN members, but not for ISO members, a German text, in addition to English and French texts, is also required. 

The corrosion rate is favonred by higher conductivity of the chloride salts containing electrolyte, as it has been underlined by Ramachandran [79]. The corrosion process is intensified only by the well soluble chloride therefore the compound Cj(A, F) CaCl2 IOH2O has no detrimental effect. The C-S-H, as it has been shown in Fig. 4.26, bounds some chloride content in solid solntion. It is assumed that 75 % of total amount of chloride occnrs as soluble matter. On this base the limit of chlorine in cement has been indicated for 0.20 % CF [79]. In the European standards this limit was determined as 0.1 % CF, because some small chloride content... 

European standards (norms), are usually based on lEC standards. For example EMC standard EN 61000-4-2 (Immunity to Electrostatic Discharge) is based on lEC 1000-4-2, and product safety standard EN 60335 (Safety of Household Appliances) is based on lEC 335. All European standards (ENs) go through rigorous review by any and all interested parties. National authorities, whose primary responsibility is public safety, participate in the review process. 

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